diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModHelpers/ModRegistryHelper.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModHelpers/ModRegistryHelper.cs
index 348ba225..93edd597 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModHelpers/ModRegistryHelper.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/ModHelpers/ModRegistryHelper.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using StardewModdingAPI.Framework.Reflection;
+using StardewModdingAPI.Internal;
 
 namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.ModHelpers
 {
@@ -15,8 +17,8 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.ModHelpers
         /// <summary>Encapsulates monitoring and logging for the mod.</summary>
         private readonly IMonitor Monitor;
 
-        /// <summary>The mod IDs for APIs accessed by this instanced.</summary>
-        private readonly HashSet<string> AccessedModApis = new();
+        /// <summary>The APIs accessed by this instance.</summary>
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, object?> AccessedModApis = new();
 
         /// <summary>Generates proxy classes to access mod APIs through an arbitrary interface.</summary>
         private readonly IInterfaceProxyFactory ProxyFactory;
@@ -66,11 +68,44 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework.ModHelpers
                 return null;
             }
 
-            // get raw API
+            // get the target mod
             IModMetadata? mod = this.Registry.Get(uniqueID);
-            if (mod?.Api != null && this.AccessedModApis.Add(mod.Manifest.UniqueID))
-                this.Monitor.Log($"Accessed mod-provided API for {mod.DisplayName}.");
-            return mod?.Api;
+            if (mod == null)
+                return null;
+
+            // fetch API
+            if (!this.AccessedModApis.TryGetValue(mod.Manifest.UniqueID, out object? api))
+            {
+                // if the target has a global API, this is mutually exclusive with per-mod APIs
+                if (mod.Api != null)
+                    api = mod.Api;
+
+                // else try to get a per-mod API
+                else
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        api = mod.Mod?.GetApi(this.Mod);
+                        if (api != null && !api.GetType().IsPublic)
+                        {
+                            api = null;
+                            this.Monitor.Log($"{mod.DisplayName} provides a per-mod API instance with a non-public type. This isn't currently supported, so the API won't be available to other mods.", LogLevel.Warn);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception ex)
+                    {
+                        this.Monitor.Log($"Failed loading the per-mod API instance from {mod.DisplayName}. Integrations with other mods may not work. Error: {ex.GetLogSummary()}", LogLevel.Error);
+                        api = null;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // cache & log API access
+                this.AccessedModApis[mod.Manifest.UniqueID] = api;
+                if (api != null)
+                    this.Monitor.Log($"Accessed mod-provided API ({api.GetType().FullName}) for {mod.DisplayName}.");
+            }
+
+            return api;
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc />
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs b/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs
index 16ff2537..4ba0dd9c 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Framework/SCore.cs
@@ -1779,6 +1779,11 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI.Framework
                 {
                     this.Monitor.Log($"Failed loading mod-provided API for {metadata.DisplayName}. Integrations with other mods may not work. Error: {ex.GetLogSummary()}", LogLevel.Error);
                 }
+
+                // validate mod doesn't implement both GetApi() and GetApi(mod)
+                if (metadata.Api != null && metadata.Mod!.GetType().GetMethod(nameof(Mod.GetApi), new Type[] { typeof(IManifest) })!.DeclaringType != typeof(Mod))
+                    metadata.LogAsMod($"Mod implements both {nameof(Mod.GetApi)}() and {nameof(Mod.GetApi)}({nameof(IManifest)}), which isn't allowed. The latter will be ignored.", LogLevel.Error);
+
                 Context.HeuristicModsRunningCode.TryPop(out _);
             }
 
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/IMod.cs b/src/SMAPI/IMod.cs
index b81ba0e3..19d01311 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/IMod.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/IMod.cs
@@ -23,7 +23,15 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI
         /// <param name="helper">Provides simplified APIs for writing mods.</param>
         void Entry(IModHelper helper);
 
-        /// <summary>Get an API that other mods can access. This is always called after <see cref="Entry"/>.</summary>
+        /// <summary>Get an <a href="https://stardewvalleywiki.com/Modding:Modder_Guide/APIs/Integrations">API that other mods can access</a>. This is always called after <see cref="Entry"/>, and is only called once even if multiple mods access it.</summary>
+        /// <remarks>You can implement <see cref="GetApi()"/> to provide one instance to all mods, or <see cref="GetApi(IModInfo)"/> to provide a separate instance per mod. These are mutually exclusive, so you can only implement one of them.</remarks>
+        /// <remarks>Returns the API instance, or <c>null</c> if the mod has no API.</remarks>
         object? GetApi();
+
+        /// <summary>Get an <a href="https://stardewvalleywiki.com/Modding:Modder_Guide/APIs/Integrations">API that other mods can access</a>. This is always called after <see cref="Entry"/>, and is called once per mod that accesses the API (even if they access it multiple times).</summary>
+        /// <param name="mod">The mod accessing the API.</param>
+        /// <remarks>Returns the API instance, or <c>null</c> if the mod has no API. Note that the manifest is provided for informational purposes only, and that denying API access to specific mods is strongly discouraged and may be considered abusive.</remarks>
+        /// <inheritdoc cref="GetApi()" include="/Remarks" />
+        object? GetApi(IModInfo mod);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SMAPI/Mod.cs b/src/SMAPI/Mod.cs
index f764752b..01157886 100644
--- a/src/SMAPI/Mod.cs
+++ b/src/SMAPI/Mod.cs
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ namespace StardewModdingAPI
             return null;
         }
 
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual object? GetApi(IModInfo mod)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>Release or reset unmanaged resources.</summary>
         public void Dispose()
         {