diff --git a/src/js/History.js b/src/js/History.js
index 60cbf44..45ac433 100644
--- a/src/js/History.js
+++ b/src/js/History.js
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 'use strict';
 
-var util = require('./util');
-
 /**
  * @constructor History
  * Store action history, enables undo and redo
@@ -14,122 +12,144 @@ function History (editor) {
 
   this.clear();
 
+  // helper function to find a Node from a path
+  function findNode(path) {
+    return editor.node.findNodeByPath(path)
+  }
+
+  // helper function to clone a Node
+  function cloneNode(node) {
+    return node.clone();
+  }
+
   // map with all supported actions
   this.actions = {
     'editField': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        params.node.updateField(params.oldValue);
+        findNode(params.path).updateField(params.oldValue);
       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        params.node.updateField(params.newValue);
+        findNode(params.path).updateField(params.newValue);
       }
     },
     'editValue': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        params.node.updateValue(params.oldValue);
+        findNode(params.path).updateValue(params.oldValue);
       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        params.node.updateValue(params.newValue);
+        findNode(params.path).updateValue(params.newValue);
       }
     },
     'changeType': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        params.node.changeType(params.oldType);
+        findNode(params.path).changeType(params.oldType);
       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        params.node.changeType(params.newType);
+        findNode(params.path).changeType(params.newType);
       }
     },
 
     'appendNodes': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          params.parent.removeChild(node);
+        var parentNode = findNode(params.parentPath);
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
+          parentNode.removeChild(node);
         });
-      },
+       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          params.parent.appendChild(node);
+        var parentNode = findNode(params.parentPath);
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
+          parentNode.appendChild(node);
         });
       }
     },
     'insertBeforeNodes': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          params.parent.removeChild(node);
+        var parentNode = findNode(params.parentPath);
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
+          parentNode.removeChild(node);
         });
       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          params.parent.insertBefore(node, params.beforeNode);
+        var parentNode = findNode(params.parentPath);
+        var beforeNode = findNode(params.beforePath);
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
+          parentNode.insertBefore(node, beforeNode);
         });
       }
     },
     'insertAfterNodes': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          params.parent.removeChild(node);
+        var parentNode = findNode(params.parentPath);
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
+          parentNode.removeChild(node);
         });
       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        var afterNode = params.afterNode;
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          params.parent.insertAfter(params.node, afterNode);
+        var parentNode = findNode(params.parentPath);
+        var afterNode = findNode(params.afterPath);
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
+          parentNode.insertAfter(node, afterNode);
           afterNode = node;
         });
       }
     },
     'removeNodes': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        var parent = params.parent;
-        var beforeNode = parent.childs[params.index] || parent.append;
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          parent.insertBefore(node, beforeNode);
+        var parentNode = findNode(params.parentPath);
+        var beforeNode = parentNode.childs[params.index] || parentNode.append;
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
+          parentNode.insertBefore(node, beforeNode);
         });
       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
           params.parent.removeChild(node);
         });
       }
     },
     'duplicateNodes': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          params.parent.removeChild(node);
+        var parentNode = findNode(params.parentPath);
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
+          parentNode.removeChild(node);
         });
       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        var afterNode = params.afterNode;
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          params.parent.insertAfter(node, afterNode);
+        var parentNode = findNode(params.parentPath);
+        var afterNode = findNode(params.afterPath);
+        var nodes = params.paths.map(findNode).map(cloneNode);
+        nodes.forEach(function (node) {
+          parentNode.insertAfter(node, afterNode);
           afterNode = node;
         });
       }
     },
     'moveNodes': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          params.oldBeforeNode.parent.moveBefore(node, params.oldBeforeNode);
+        var oldBeforeNode = findNode(params.oldBeforePath);
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
+          oldBeforeNode.parent.moveBefore(node, oldBeforeNode);
         });
       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        params.nodes.forEach(function (node) {
-          params.newBeforeNode.parent.moveBefore(node, params.newBeforeNode);
+        var newBeforeNode = findNode(params.newBeforePath);
+        params.paths.map(findNode).forEach(function (node) {
+          newBeforeNode.parent.moveBefore(node, newBeforeNode);
         });
       }
     },
 
     'sort': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        var node = params.node;
+        var node = findNode(params.path);
         node.hideChilds();
         node.childs = params.oldChilds;
         node.updateDom({updateIndexes: true});
         node.showChilds();
       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        var node = params.node;
+        var node = findNode(params.path);
         node.hideChilds();
         node.childs = params.newChilds;
         node.updateDom({updateIndexes: true});
@@ -139,14 +159,12 @@ function History (editor) {
 
     'transform': {
       'undo': function (params) {
-        var node = params.node;
-        node.setValue(params.oldValue);
+        findNode(params.path).setValue(params.oldValue);
 
         // TODO: would be nice to restore the state of the node and childs
       },
       'redo': function (params) {
-        var node = params.node;
-        node.setValue(params.newValue);
+        findNode(params.path).setValue(params.newValue);
 
         // TODO: would be nice to restore the state of the node and childs
       }
diff --git a/src/js/Node.js b/src/js/Node.js
index aa9f582..a24e8e0 100644
--- a/src/js/Node.js
+++ b/src/js/Node.js
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@ Node.prototype._onChangeValue = function () {
   }
 
   this.editor._onAction('editValue', {
-    node: this,
+    path: this.getPath(),
     oldValue: this.previousValue,
     newValue: this.value,
     oldSelection: oldSelection,
@@ -1436,7 +1436,7 @@ Node.prototype._onChangeField = function () {
   }
 
   this.editor._onAction('editField', {
-    node: this,
+    path: this.getPath(),
     oldValue: this.previousField,
     newValue: this.field,
     oldSelection: oldSelection,
@@ -2010,11 +2010,11 @@ Node.onDragEnd = function (nodes, event) {
   }
 
   var params = {
-    nodes: nodes,
+    paths: nodes.map(getPath),
     oldSelection: editor.drag.oldSelection,
     newSelection: editor.getDomSelection(),
-    oldBeforeNode: editor.drag.oldBeforeNode,
-    newBeforeNode: beforeNode
+    oldBeforePath: editor.drag.oldBeforeNode.getPath(),
+    newBeforePath: beforeNode.getPath()
   };
 
   if (params.oldBeforeNode != params.newBeforeNode) {
@@ -2811,9 +2811,9 @@ Node.prototype.onKeyDown = function (event) {
           this.focus(Node.focusElement || this._getElementName(target));
 
           this.editor._onAction('moveNodes', {
-            nodes: selectedNodes,
-            oldBeforeNode: oldBeforeNode,
-            newBeforeNode: nextNode2,
+            paths: selectedNodes.map(getPath),
+            oldBeforePath: oldBeforeNode.getPath(),
+            newBeforePath: nextNode2.getPath(),
             oldSelection: oldSelection,
             newSelection: this.editor.getDomSelection()
           });
@@ -2858,9 +2858,9 @@ Node.prototype.onKeyDown = function (event) {
         this.focus(Node.focusElement || this._getElementName(target));
 
         this.editor._onAction('moveNodes', {
-          nodes: selectedNodes,
-          oldBeforeNode: oldBeforeNode,
-          newBeforeNode: prevNode,
+          paths: selectedNodes.map(getPath),
+          oldBeforePath: oldBeforeNode.getPath(),
+          newBeforePath: prevNode.getPath(),
           oldSelection: oldSelection,
           newSelection: this.editor.getDomSelection()
         });
@@ -2892,9 +2892,9 @@ Node.prototype.onKeyDown = function (event) {
           this.focus(Node.focusElement || this._getElementName(target));
 
           this.editor._onAction('moveNodes', {
-            nodes: selectedNodes,
-            oldBeforeNode: oldBeforeNode,
-            newBeforeNode: prevNode,
+            paths: selectedNodes.map(getPath),
+            oldBeforePath: oldBeforeNode.getPath(),
+            newBeforePath: prevNode.getPath(),
             oldSelection: oldSelection,
             newSelection: this.editor.getDomSelection()
           });
@@ -2955,9 +2955,9 @@ Node.prototype.onKeyDown = function (event) {
         this.focus(Node.focusElement || this._getElementName(target));
 
         this.editor._onAction('moveNodes', {
-          nodes: selectedNodes,
-          oldBeforeNode: oldBeforeNode,
-          newBeforeNode: nextNode2,
+          paths: selectedNodes.map(getPath),
+          oldBeforePath: oldBeforeNode.getPath(),
+          newBeforePath: nextNode2.getPath(),
           oldSelection: oldSelection,
           newSelection: this.editor.getDomSelection()
         });
@@ -3028,8 +3028,8 @@ Node.onRemove = function(nodes) {
 
     // store history action
     editor._onAction('removeNodes', {
-      nodes: nodes.slice(0), // store a copy of the array!
-      parent: parent,
+      paths: nodes.map(getPath),
+      parentPath: parent.getPath(),
       index: firstIndex,
       oldSelection: oldSelection,
       newSelection: newSelection
@@ -3075,9 +3075,9 @@ Node.onDuplicate = function(nodes) {
     var newSelection = editor.getDomSelection();
 
     editor._onAction('duplicateNodes', {
-      afterNode: lastNode,
-      nodes: clones,
-      parent: parent,
+      afterPath: lastNode.getPath(),
+      paths: clones.map(getPath),
+      parentPath: parent.getPath(),
       oldSelection: oldSelection,
       newSelection: newSelection
     });
@@ -3106,9 +3106,9 @@ Node.prototype._onInsertBefore = function (field, value, type) {
   var newSelection = this.editor.getDomSelection();
 
   this.editor._onAction('insertBeforeNodes', {
-    nodes: [newNode],
-    beforeNode: this,
-    parent: this.parent,
+    paths: [newNode.getPath()],
+    beforePath: this.getPath(),
+    parentPath: this.parent.getPath(),
     oldSelection: oldSelection,
     newSelection: newSelection
   });
@@ -3136,9 +3136,9 @@ Node.prototype._onInsertAfter = function (field, value, type) {
   var newSelection = this.editor.getDomSelection();
 
   this.editor._onAction('insertAfterNodes', {
-    nodes: [newNode],
-    afterNode: this,
-    parent: this.parent,
+    paths: [newNode.getPath()],
+    afterPath: this.getPath(),
+    parentPath: this.parent.getPath(),
     oldSelection: oldSelection,
     newSelection: newSelection
   });
@@ -3166,8 +3166,8 @@ Node.prototype._onAppend = function (field, value, type) {
   var newSelection = this.editor.getDomSelection();
 
   this.editor._onAction('appendNodes', {
-    nodes: [newNode],
-    parent: this.parent,
+    paths: [newNode.getPath()],
+    parentPath: this.parent.getPath(),
     oldSelection: oldSelection,
     newSelection: newSelection
   });
@@ -3186,7 +3186,7 @@ Node.prototype._onChangeType = function (newType) {
     var newSelection = this.editor.getDomSelection();
 
     this.editor._onAction('changeType', {
-      node: this,
+      path: this.getPath(),
       oldType: oldType,
       newType: newType,
       oldSelection: oldSelection,
@@ -3249,7 +3249,7 @@ Node.prototype.sort = function (path, direction) {
   this._updateDomIndexes();
 
   this.editor._onAction('sort', {
-    node: this,
+    path: this.getPath(),
     oldChilds: oldChilds,
     newChilds: this.childs
   });
@@ -3269,7 +3269,7 @@ Node.prototype.update = function (newValue) {
   this.setValue(newValue);
 
   this.editor._onAction('transform', {
-    node: this,
+    path: this.getPath(),
     oldType: oldType,
     newType: this.type,
     oldValue: oldValue,
@@ -3302,7 +3302,7 @@ Node.prototype.transform = function (query) {
     this.setValue(newValue);
 
     this.editor._onAction('transform', {
-      node: this,
+      path: this.getPath(),
       oldType: oldType,
       newType: this.type,
       oldValue: oldValue,
@@ -4018,6 +4018,11 @@ Node.prototype._escapeJSON = function (text) {
   return escaped;
 };
 
+// helper function to the get path of a node
+function getPath (node) {
+  return node.getPath();
+}
+
 // TODO: find a nicer solution to resolve this circular dependency between Node and AppendNode
 //       idea: introduce properties .isAppendNode and .isNode and use that instead of instanceof AppendNode checks
 var AppendNode = appendNodeFactory(Node);