diff --git a/src/zm_event.cpp b/src/zm_event.cpp
index 49a89b60b..283e2bde3 100644
--- a/src/zm_event.cpp
+++ b/src/zm_event.cpp
@@ -578,17 +578,16 @@ void Event::AddFrame(
   SystemTimePoint timestamp_us = SystemTimePoint(zm::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(timestamp));
 
   if (db_frame) {
-    FPSeconds delta_time = timestamp_us - start_time;
-    Debug(1, "Frame delta is %.2f - %.2f = %.2f, score %u zone_stats.size %zu",
-          std::chrono::duration_cast<FPSeconds>(timestamp_us.time_since_epoch()).count(),
-          std::chrono::duration_cast<FPSeconds>(start_time.time_since_epoch()).count(),
-          delta_time.count(),
+    Microseconds delta_time = std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(timestamp_us - start_time);
+    Debug(1, "Frame delta is %.2f s - %.2f s = %.2f s, score %u zone_stats.size %zu",
+          FPSeconds(timestamp_us.time_since_epoch()).count(),
+          FPSeconds(start_time.time_since_epoch()).count(),
+          FPSeconds(delta_time).count(),
           score,
           zone_stats.size());
 
-    Milliseconds delta_time_ms = std::chrono::duration_cast<Milliseconds>(delta_time);
     // The idea is to write out 1/sec
-    frame_data.push(new Frame(id, frames, frame_type, timestamp, delta_time_ms, score, zone_stats));
+    frame_data.push(new Frame(id, frames, frame_type, timestamp, delta_time, score, zone_stats));
     double fps = monitor->get_capture_fps();
     if (write_to_db
         or
@@ -604,7 +603,7 @@ void Event::AddFrame(
 
       std::string sql = stringtf(
           "UPDATE Events SET Length = %.2f, Frames = %d, AlarmFrames = %d, TotScore = %d, AvgScore = %d, MaxScore = %d WHERE Id = %" PRIu64,
-          delta_time.count(),
+          FPSeconds(delta_time).count(),
           frames,
           alarm_frames,
           tot_score,
diff --git a/src/zm_eventstream.cpp b/src/zm_eventstream.cpp
index 25949624d..a664a455b 100644
--- a/src/zm_eventstream.cpp
+++ b/src/zm_eventstream.cpp
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ void EventStream::processCommand(const CmdMsg *msg) {
         // Set paused flag
         paused = true;
         replay_rate = ZM_RATE_BASE;
-        last_frame_sent = TV_2_FLOAT(now);
+        last_frame_sent = now;
         break;
     case CMD_PLAY :
         Debug(1, "Got PLAY command");
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ Image * EventStream::getImage( ) {
   return image;
 }
 
-bool EventStream::sendFrame(int delta_us) {
+bool EventStream::sendFrame(Microseconds delta_us) {
   Debug(2, "Sending frame %ld", curr_frame_id);
 
   static char filepath[PATH_MAX];
@@ -710,7 +710,10 @@ bool EventStream::sendFrame(int delta_us) {
       fprintf(stdout, "Content-type: %s\r\n\r\n", vid_stream->MimeType());
       vid_stream->OpenStream();
     }
-    /* double pts = */ vid_stream->EncodeFrame(send_image->Buffer(), send_image->Size(), config.mpeg_timed_frames, delta_us*1000);
+    vid_stream->EncodeFrame(send_image->Buffer(),
+                            send_image->Size(),
+                            config.mpeg_timed_frames,
+                            delta_us.count() * 1000);
   } else {
     bool send_raw = (type == STREAM_JPEG) && ((scale>=ZM_SCALE_BASE)&&(zoom==ZM_SCALE_BASE)) && filepath[0];
 
@@ -806,7 +809,7 @@ bool EventStream::sendFrame(int delta_us) {
 
   fputs("\r\n", stdout);
   fflush(stdout);
-  last_frame_sent = TV_2_FLOAT(now);
+  last_frame_sent = now;
   return true;
 }  // bool EventStream::sendFrame( int delta_us )
 
@@ -824,16 +827,16 @@ void EventStream::runStream() {
   }
 
   updateFrameRate((event_data->frame_count and event_data->duration) ? (double)event_data->frame_count/event_data->duration : 1);
-  gettimeofday(&start, nullptr);
-  uint64_t start_usec = start.tv_sec * 1000000 + start.tv_usec;
+  start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+
   uint64_t last_frame_offset = 0;
 
   double time_to_event = 0;
 
   while ( !zm_terminate ) {
-    gettimeofday(&now, nullptr);
+    now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
 
-    int delta_us = 0;
+    Microseconds delta = Microseconds(0);
     send_frame = false;
 
     if ( connkey ) {
@@ -843,7 +846,7 @@ void EventStream::runStream() {
       }
 
       // Update modified time of the socket .lock file so that we can tell which ones are stale.
-      if ( now.tv_sec - last_comm_update.tv_sec > 3600 ) {
+      if (now - last_comm_update > Hours(1)) {
         touch(sock_path_lock);
         last_comm_update = now;
       }
@@ -869,8 +872,7 @@ void EventStream::runStream() {
       send_frame = true;
     } else if ( !send_frame ) {
       // We are paused, not stepping and doing nothing, meaning that comms didn't set send_frame to true
-      double time_since_last_send = TV_2_FLOAT(now) - last_frame_sent;
-      if ( time_since_last_send > MAX_STREAM_DELAY ) {
+      if (now - last_frame_sent > MAX_STREAM_DELAY) {
         // Send keepalive
         Debug(2, "Sending keepalive frame");
         send_frame = true;
@@ -879,10 +881,10 @@ void EventStream::runStream() {
 
     // time_to_event > 0 means that we are not in the event
     if ( ( time_to_event > 0 ) and ( mode == MODE_ALL ) ) {
-      double time_since_last_send = TV_2_FLOAT(now) - last_frame_sent;
-      Debug(1, "Time since last send = %f = %f - %f", time_since_last_send, TV_2_FLOAT(now), last_frame_sent);
-      if ( time_since_last_send > 1 /* second */ ) {
-        static char frame_text[64];
+      auto time_since_last_send = now - last_frame_sent;
+      Debug(1, "Time since last send = %.2f s", FPSeconds(time_since_last_send).count());
+      if (time_since_last_send > Seconds(1)) {
+        char frame_text[64];
 
         snprintf(frame_text, sizeof(frame_text), "Time to %s event = %d seconds",
             (replay_rate > 0 ? "next" : "previous" ), (int)time_to_event);
@@ -909,8 +911,8 @@ void EventStream::runStream() {
       continue;
     } // end if !in_event
 
-    if ( send_frame ) {
-      if ( !sendFrame(delta_us) ) {
+    if (send_frame) {
+      if (!sendFrame(delta)) {
         zm_terminate = true;
         break;
       }
@@ -918,23 +920,30 @@ void EventStream::runStream() {
 
     curr_stream_time = frame_data->timestamp;
 
-    if ( !paused ) {
-
+    if (!paused) {
       // delta is since the last frame
-      delta_us = (unsigned int)(frame_data->delta * 1000000);
-      Debug(3, "frame delta %uus ", delta_us);
+      delta = std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(FPSeconds(frame_data->delta));
+      Debug(3, "frame delta %" PRIi64 "us ",
+            static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(delta).count()));
+
       // if effective > base we should speed up frame delivery
-      delta_us = (unsigned int)((delta_us * base_fps)/effective_fps);
-      Debug(3, "delta %u = base_fps(%f)/effective fps(%f)", delta_us, base_fps, effective_fps);
+      delta = std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>((delta * base_fps) / effective_fps);
+      Debug(3, "delta %" PRIi64 " us = base_fps (%f) / effective_fps (%f)",
+            static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(delta).count()),
+            base_fps,
+            effective_fps);
+
       // but must not exceed maxfps
-      delta_us = std::max(delta_us, int(1000000/maxfps));
-      Debug(3, "delta %u = base_fps(%f)/effective fps(%f) from 30fps", delta_us, base_fps, effective_fps);
+      delta = std::max(delta, Microseconds(lround(Microseconds::period::den / maxfps)));
+      Debug(3, "delta %" PRIi64 " us = base_fps (%f) /effective_fps (%f) from 30fps",
+            static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(delta).count()),
+            base_fps,
+            effective_fps);
 
       // +/- 1? What if we are skipping frames?
       curr_frame_id += (replay_rate>0) ? frame_mod : -1*frame_mod;
       // sending the frame may have taken some time, so reload now
-      gettimeofday(&now, nullptr);
-      uint64_t now_usec = (now.tv_sec * 1000000 + now.tv_usec);
+      now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
 
       // we incremented by replay_rate, so might have jumped past frame_count
       if ( (mode == MODE_SINGLE) && (
@@ -945,8 +954,8 @@ void EventStream::runStream() {
          ) {
         Debug(2, "Have mode==MODE_SINGLE and at end of event, looping back to start");
         curr_frame_id = 1;
-        // Have to reset start_usec to now when replaying
-        start_usec = now_usec;
+        // Have to reset start to now when replaying
+        start = now;
       }
       frame_data = &event_data->frames[curr_frame_id-1];
 
@@ -960,41 +969,51 @@ void EventStream::runStream() {
       //
       if ( last_frame_offset ) {
         // We assume that we are going forward and the next frame is in the future.
-        delta_us = frame_data->offset * 1000000 - (now_usec-start_usec);
-       // - (now_usec - start_usec);
-        Debug(2, "New delta_us now %" PRIu64 " - start %" PRIu64 " = %" PRIu64 " offset %f - elapsed = %dusec",
-              now_usec, start_usec, static_cast<uint64>(now_usec - start_usec), frame_data->offset * 1000000, delta_us);
+        delta = std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(FPSeconds(frame_data->offset) - (now - start));
+
+        Debug(2, "New delta: now - start = %" PRIu64 " us offset %f - elapsed = %" PRIu64 " us",
+              static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(now - start).count()),
+              frame_data->offset * 1000000,
+              static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(delta).count()));
       } else {
         Debug(2, "No last frame_offset, no sleep");
-        delta_us = 0;
+        delta = Seconds(0);
       }
       last_frame_offset = frame_data->offset * 1000000;
 
-      if ( send_frame && (type != STREAM_MPEG) ) {
-        if ( delta_us > 0 ) {
-          if ( delta_us > MAX_SLEEP_USEC ) {
-            Debug(1, "Limiting sleep to %d because calculated sleep is too long %d", MAX_SLEEP_USEC, delta_us);
-            delta_us = MAX_SLEEP_USEC;
+      if (send_frame && type != STREAM_MPEG) {
+        if (delta != Seconds(0)) {
+          if (delta > MAX_SLEEP) {
+            Debug(1, "Limiting sleep to %" PRIi64 " ms because calculated sleep is too long: %" PRIi64" us",
+                  static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Milliseconds>(MAX_SLEEP).count()),
+                  static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(delta).count()));
+            delta = MAX_SLEEP;
           }
-          usleep(delta_us);
-          Debug(3, "Done sleeping: %d usec", delta_us);
+
+          std::this_thread::sleep_for(delta);
+          Debug(3, "Done sleeping: %" PRIi64 " us",
+                static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(delta).count()));
         }
       }
     } else {
-      delta_us = ((1000000 * ZM_RATE_BASE)/((base_fps?base_fps:1)*(replay_rate?abs(replay_rate*2):2)));
+      delta = std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(FPSeconds(
+          ZM_RATE_BASE / ((base_fps ? base_fps : 1) * (replay_rate ? abs(replay_rate * 2) : 2))));
 
-      Debug(2, "Sleeping %d because 1000000 * ZM_RATE_BASE(%d) / ( base_fps (%f), replay_rate(%d)",
-          delta_us,
-          ZM_RATE_BASE,
-          (base_fps ? base_fps : 1),
-          (replay_rate ? abs(replay_rate*2) : 0)
-          );
-      if ( delta_us > 0 ) {
-        if ( delta_us > MAX_SLEEP_USEC ) {
-          Debug(1, "Limiting sleep to %d because calculated sleep is too long %d", MAX_SLEEP_USEC, delta_us);
-          delta_us = MAX_SLEEP_USEC;
+      Debug(2, "Sleeping %" PRIi64 " us because ZM_RATE_BASE (%d) / ( base_fps (%f) * replay_rate (%d)",
+            static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(delta).count()),
+            ZM_RATE_BASE,
+            (base_fps ? base_fps : 1),
+            (replay_rate ? abs(replay_rate * 2) : 0));
+
+      if (delta != Seconds(0)) {
+        if (delta > MAX_SLEEP) {
+          Debug(1, "Limiting sleep to %" PRIi64 " ms because calculated sleep is too long %" PRIi64,
+                static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Milliseconds>(MAX_SLEEP).count()),
+                static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(delta).count()));
+          delta = MAX_SLEEP;
         }
-        usleep(delta_us);
+
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(delta);
       }
       // We are paused, so might be stepping
       //if ( step != 0 )// Adding 0 is cheaper than an if 0
@@ -1036,7 +1055,7 @@ bool EventStream::send_file(const char *filepath) {
   int img_buffer_size = 0;
   uint8_t *img_buffer = temp_img_buffer;
 
-  FILE *fdj = NULL;
+  FILE *fdj = nullptr;
   fdj = fopen(filepath, "rb");
   if ( !fdj ) {
     Error("Can't open %s: %s", filepath, strerror(errno));
diff --git a/src/zm_eventstream.h b/src/zm_eventstream.h
index 4592e97e7..286c2ba69 100644
--- a/src/zm_eventstream.h
+++ b/src/zm_eventstream.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class EventStream : public StreamBase {
     long curr_frame_id;
     double curr_stream_time;
     bool  send_frame;
-    struct timeval start;     // clock time when started the event
+    SystemTimePoint start;     // clock time when started the event
 
     EventData *event_data;
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class EventStream : public StreamBase {
 
     bool checkEventLoaded();
     void processCommand(const CmdMsg *msg) override;
-    bool sendFrame(int delta_us);
+    bool sendFrame(Microseconds delta);
 
   public:
     EventStream() :
diff --git a/src/zm_fifo_stream.cpp b/src/zm_fifo_stream.cpp
index 3035ad6d0..fcb0e7186 100644
--- a/src/zm_fifo_stream.cpp
+++ b/src/zm_fifo_stream.cpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ bool FifoStream::sendMJEGFrames() {
   }
   fprintf(stdout, "\r\n\r\n");
   fflush(stdout);
-  last_frame_sent = TV_2_FLOAT(now);
+  last_frame_sent = now;
   frame_count++;
   return true;
 }
@@ -156,8 +156,9 @@ void FifoStream::runStream() {
   }
 
   while ( !zm_terminate ) {
-    gettimeofday(&now, nullptr);
+    now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
     checkCommandQueue();
+
     if ( stream_type == MJPEG ) {
       if ( !sendMJEGFrames() )
         zm_terminate = true;
diff --git a/src/zm_frame.cpp b/src/zm_frame.cpp
index 2b28a62b1..d333d04e1 100644
--- a/src/zm_frame.cpp
+++ b/src/zm_frame.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Frame::Frame(event_id_t p_event_id,
              int p_frame_id,
              FrameType p_type,
              struct timeval p_timestamp,
-             Milliseconds p_delta,
+             Microseconds p_delta,
              int p_score,
              std::vector<ZoneStats> p_stats)
     : event_id(p_event_id),
diff --git a/src/zm_frame.h b/src/zm_frame.h
index 87769711b..5b3792093 100644
--- a/src/zm_frame.h
+++ b/src/zm_frame.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Frame {
         int p_frame_id,
         FrameType p_type,
         struct timeval p_timestamp,
-        Milliseconds p_delta,
+        Microseconds p_delta,
         int p_score,
         std::vector<ZoneStats> p_stats
   );
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class Frame {
   int frame_id;
   FrameType type;
   struct timeval timestamp;
-  Milliseconds delta;
+  Microseconds delta;
   int score;
   std::vector<ZoneStats> zone_stats;
 };
diff --git a/src/zm_monitorstream.cpp b/src/zm_monitorstream.cpp
index 99cc01720..b407166e7 100644
--- a/src/zm_monitorstream.cpp
+++ b/src/zm_monitorstream.cpp
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ void MonitorStream::processCommand(const CmdMsg *msg) {
       Debug(1, "Got PAUSE command");
       paused = true;
       delayed = true;
-      last_frame_sent = TV_2_FLOAT(now);
+      last_frame_sent = now;
       break;
     case CMD_PLAY :
       Debug(1, "Got PLAY command");
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ void MonitorStream::processCommand(const CmdMsg *msg) {
   status_data.delayed = delayed;
   status_data.paused = paused;
   status_data.rate = replay_rate;
-  status_data.delay = TV_2_FLOAT(now) - TV_2_FLOAT(last_frame_timestamp);
+  status_data.delay = FPSeconds(now - last_frame_timestamp).count();
   status_data.zoom = zoom;
   Debug(2, "fps: %.2f capture_fps: %.2f analysis_fps: %.2f Buffer Level:%d, Delayed:%d, Paused:%d, Rate:%d, delay:%.3f, Zoom:%d, Enabled:%d Forced:%d",
       status_data.fps,
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ void MonitorStream::processCommand(const CmdMsg *msg) {
   //updateFrameRate(monitor->GetFPS());
 }  // end void MonitorStream::processCommand(const CmdMsg *msg)
 
-bool MonitorStream::sendFrame(const char *filepath, const timeval &timestamp) {
+bool MonitorStream::sendFrame(const char *filepath, SystemTimePoint timestamp) {
   bool send_raw = ((scale>=ZM_SCALE_BASE)&&(zoom==ZM_SCALE_BASE));
 
   if (
@@ -350,8 +350,8 @@ bool MonitorStream::sendFrame(const char *filepath, const timeval &timestamp) {
     TimePoint send_start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
     if (
-        (0 > fprintf(stdout, "Content-Length: %d\r\nX-Timestamp: %d.%06d\r\n\r\n",
-                     img_buffer_size, (int)timestamp.tv_sec, (int)timestamp.tv_usec))
+        (0 > fprintf(stdout, "Content-Length: %d\r\nX-Timestamp: %.6f\r\n\r\n",
+                     img_buffer_size, std::chrono::duration_cast<FPSeconds>(timestamp.time_since_epoch()).count()))
         ||
         (fwrite(img_buffer, img_buffer_size, 1, stdout) != 1)
        ) {
@@ -363,26 +363,27 @@ bool MonitorStream::sendFrame(const char *filepath, const timeval &timestamp) {
     fflush(stdout);
 
     TimePoint send_end_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-    Milliseconds frame_send_time = std::chrono::duration_cast<Milliseconds>(send_end_time - send_start_time);
+    TimePoint::duration frame_send_time = send_end_time - send_start_time;
 
     if (frame_send_time > Milliseconds(lround(Milliseconds::period::den / maxfps))) {
       maxfps /= 2;
-      Info("Frame send time %" PRIi64 " msec too slow, throttling maxfps to %.2f",
-           static_cast<int64>(frame_send_time.count()),
+      Info("Frame send time %" PRIi64 " ms too slow, throttling maxfps to %.2f",
+           static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Milliseconds>(frame_send_time).count()),
            maxfps);
     }
 
-    last_frame_sent = TV_2_FLOAT(now);
+    last_frame_sent = now;
 
     return true;
   }
   return false;
 } // end bool MonitorStream::sendFrame(const char *filepath, struct timeval *timestamp)
 
-bool MonitorStream::sendFrame(Image *image, const timeval &timestamp) {
+bool MonitorStream::sendFrame(Image *image, SystemTimePoint timestamp) {
   Image *send_image = prepareImage(image);
-  if (!config.timestamp_on_capture)
-    monitor->TimestampImage(send_image, timestamp);
+  if (!config.timestamp_on_capture) {
+    monitor->TimestampImage(send_image, zm::chrono::duration_cast<timeval>(timestamp.time_since_epoch()));
+  }
 
   fputs("--" BOUNDARY "\r\n", stdout);
   if ( type == STREAM_MPEG ) {
@@ -392,13 +393,11 @@ bool MonitorStream::sendFrame(Image *image, const timeval &timestamp) {
       vid_stream->OpenStream();
     }
 
-    static struct timeval base_time;
-    Milliseconds delta_time =
-        zm::chrono::duration_cast<Milliseconds>(timestamp) - zm::chrono::duration_cast<Milliseconds>(base_time);
-
+    static SystemTimePoint base_time;
     if (!frame_count) {
       base_time = timestamp;
     }
+    SystemTimePoint::duration delta_time =  timestamp - base_time;
 
     /* double pts = */ vid_stream->EncodeFrame(send_image->Buffer(), send_image->Size(), config.mpeg_timed_frames, delta_time.count());
   } else {
@@ -436,8 +435,8 @@ bool MonitorStream::sendFrame(Image *image, const timeval &timestamp) {
         return false;
     }
     if (
-        ( 0 > fprintf(stdout, "Content-Length: %d\r\nX-Timestamp: %d.%06d\r\n\r\n",
-                      img_buffer_size, (int)timestamp.tv_sec, (int)timestamp.tv_usec) )
+        (0 > fprintf(stdout, "Content-Length: %d\r\nX-Timestamp: %.6f\r\n\r\n",
+                     img_buffer_size, std::chrono::duration_cast<FPSeconds>(timestamp.time_since_epoch()).count()))
         ||
         (fwrite(img_buffer, img_buffer_size, 1, stdout) != 1)
        ) {
@@ -451,16 +450,16 @@ bool MonitorStream::sendFrame(Image *image, const timeval &timestamp) {
     fflush(stdout);
 
     TimePoint send_end_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-    Milliseconds frame_send_time = std::chrono::duration_cast<Milliseconds>(send_end_time - send_start_time);
+    TimePoint::duration frame_send_time = send_end_time - send_start_time;
 
     if (frame_send_time > Milliseconds(lround(Milliseconds::period::den / maxfps))) {
       maxfps /= 1.5;
       Warning("Frame send time %" PRIi64 " msec too slow, throttling maxfps to %.2f",
-              static_cast<int64>(frame_send_time.count()),
+              static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Milliseconds>(frame_send_time).count()),
               maxfps);
     }
   }  // Not mpeg
-  last_frame_sent = TV_2_FLOAT(now);
+  last_frame_sent = now;
   return true;
 } // end bool MonitorStream::sendFrame( Image *image, const timeval &timestamp )
 
@@ -503,8 +502,7 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
   // point to end which is theoretically not a valid value because all indexes are % image_buffer_count
   int32_t last_read_index = monitor->image_buffer_count;
 
-  time_t stream_start_time;
-  time(&stream_start_time);
+  SystemTimePoint stream_start_time = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
 
   frame_count = 0;
 
@@ -518,7 +516,7 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
 
   // Last image and timestamp when paused, will be resent occasionally to prevent timeout
   Image *paused_image = nullptr;
-  struct timeval paused_timestamp;
+  SystemTimePoint paused_timestamp;
 
   if ( connkey && ( playback_buffer > 0 ) ) {
     // 15 is the max length for the swap path suffix, /zmswap-whatever, assuming max 6 digits for monitor id
@@ -554,7 +552,6 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
       } else {
         Debug(2, "Assigning temporary buffer");
         temp_image_buffer = new SwapImage[temp_image_buffer_count];
-        memset(temp_image_buffer, 0, sizeof(*temp_image_buffer)*temp_image_buffer_count);
         Debug(2, "Assigned temporary buffer");
       }
     }
@@ -575,7 +572,7 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
       break;
     }
 
-    gettimeofday(&now, nullptr);
+    now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
 
     bool was_paused = paused;
     if ( connkey ) {
@@ -585,7 +582,7 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
         got_command = true;
       }
       // Update modified time of the socket .lock file so that we can tell which ones are stale.
-      if ( now.tv_sec - last_comm_update.tv_sec > 3600 ) {
+      if (now - last_comm_update > Hours(1)) {
         touch(sock_path_lock);
         last_comm_update = now;
       }
@@ -596,7 +593,7 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
         int index = monitor->shared_data->last_write_index % monitor->image_buffer_count;
         Debug(1, "Saving paused image from index %d",index);
         paused_image = new Image(*monitor->image_buffer[index]);
-        paused_timestamp = monitor->shared_timestamps[index];
+        paused_timestamp = SystemTimePoint(zm::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(monitor->shared_timestamps[index]));
       }
     } else if ( paused_image ) {
       Debug(1, "Clearing paused_image");
@@ -624,55 +621,46 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
             delayed = true;
             temp_read_index = MOD_ADD(temp_read_index, (replay_rate>=0?-1:1), temp_image_buffer_count);
           } else {
-            // Debug( 3, "siT: %f, lfT: %f", TV_2_FLOAT( swap_image->timestamp ), TV_2_FLOAT( last_frame_timestamp ) );
-            double expected_delta_time = ((TV_2_FLOAT(swap_image->timestamp) - TV_2_FLOAT(last_frame_timestamp)) * ZM_RATE_BASE)/replay_rate;
-            double actual_delta_time = TV_2_FLOAT(now) - last_frame_sent;
+            FPSeconds expected_delta_time = ((FPSeconds(swap_image->timestamp - last_frame_timestamp)) * ZM_RATE_BASE) / replay_rate;
+            SystemTimePoint::duration actual_delta_time = now - last_frame_sent;
 
-            // Debug( 3, "eDT: %.3lf, aDT: %.3f, lFS:%.3f, NOW:%.3f", expected_delta_time, actual_delta_time, last_frame_sent, TV_2_FLOAT( now ) );
             // If the next frame is due
-            if ( actual_delta_time > expected_delta_time ) {
+            if (actual_delta_time > expected_delta_time) {
               // Debug( 2, "eDT: %.3lf, aDT: %.3f", expected_delta_time, actual_delta_time );
-              if ( temp_index%frame_mod == 0 ) {
+              if (temp_index % frame_mod == 0) {
                 Debug(2, "Sending delayed frame %d", temp_index);
                 // Send the next frame
                 if (!sendFrame(temp_image_buffer[temp_index].file_name, temp_image_buffer[temp_index].timestamp)) {
                   zm_terminate = true;
                 }
-                memcpy(&last_frame_timestamp, &(swap_image->timestamp), sizeof(last_frame_timestamp));
+                last_frame_timestamp = swap_image->timestamp;
                 // frame_sent = true;
               }
-              temp_read_index = MOD_ADD(temp_read_index, (replay_rate>0?1:-1), temp_image_buffer_count);
+              temp_read_index = MOD_ADD(temp_read_index, (replay_rate > 0 ? 1 : -1), temp_image_buffer_count);
             }
           }
-        } else if ( step != 0 ) {
+        } else if (step != 0) {
           temp_read_index = MOD_ADD(temp_read_index, (step>0?1:-1), temp_image_buffer_count);
 
           SwapImage *swap_image = &temp_image_buffer[temp_read_index];
 
           // Send the next frame
-          if ( !sendFrame(
-                temp_image_buffer[temp_read_index].file_name,
-                temp_image_buffer[temp_read_index].timestamp
-                ) ) {
+          if (!sendFrame(temp_image_buffer[temp_read_index].file_name, temp_image_buffer[temp_read_index].timestamp)) {
             zm_terminate = true;
           }
-          memcpy(
-              &last_frame_timestamp,
-              &(swap_image->timestamp),
-              sizeof(last_frame_timestamp)
-              );
+
+          last_frame_timestamp = swap_image->timestamp;
           // frame_sent = true;
           step = 0;
         } else {
           //paused?
           int temp_index = MOD_ADD(temp_read_index, 0, temp_image_buffer_count);
 
-          double actual_delta_time = TV_2_FLOAT(now) - last_frame_sent;
-          if ( got_command || (actual_delta_time > 5) ) {
+          if (got_command || (now - last_frame_sent > Seconds(5))) {
             // Send keepalive
             Debug(2, "Sending keepalive frame %d", temp_index);
             // Send the next frame
-            if ( !sendFrame(temp_image_buffer[temp_index].file_name, temp_image_buffer[temp_index].timestamp) ) {
+            if (!sendFrame(temp_image_buffer[temp_index].file_name, temp_image_buffer[temp_index].timestamp)) {
               zm_terminate = true;
             }
             // frame_sent = true;
@@ -702,20 +690,21 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
           // Send the next frame
           //
           // Perhaps we should use NOW instead. 
-          last_frame_timestamp = monitor->shared_timestamps[index];
+          last_frame_timestamp =
+              SystemTimePoint(zm::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(monitor->shared_timestamps[index]));
           Image *image = monitor->image_buffer[index];
 
-          if ( !sendFrame(image, last_frame_timestamp) ) {
+          if (!sendFrame(image, last_frame_timestamp)) {
             Debug(2, "sendFrame failed, quiting.");
             zm_terminate = true;
             break;
           }
           //frame_sent = true;
           //
-          if ( frame_count == 0 ) {
+          if (frame_count == 0) {
             // Chrome will not display the first frame until it receives another.
             // Firefox is fine.  So just send the first frame twice.
-            if ( !sendFrame(image, last_frame_timestamp) ) {
+            if (!sendFrame(image, last_frame_timestamp)) {
               Debug(2, "sendFrame failed, quiting.");
               zm_terminate = true;
               break;
@@ -735,12 +724,12 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
             if (!sendFrame(paused_image, paused_timestamp))
               zm_terminate = true;
           } else {
-            double actual_delta_time = TV_2_FLOAT(now) - last_frame_sent;
-            if ( actual_delta_time > 5 ) {
-              if ( paused_image ) {
+            SystemTimePoint::duration actual_delta_time = now - last_frame_sent;
+            if (actual_delta_time > Seconds(5)) {
+              if (paused_image) {
                 // Send keepalive
-                Debug(2, "Sending keepalive frame because delta time %.2f > 5",
-                    actual_delta_time);
+                Debug(2, "Sending keepalive frame because delta time %.2f s > 5 s",
+                      FPSeconds(actual_delta_time).count());
                 // Send the next frame
                 if (!sendFrame(paused_image, paused_timestamp))
                   zm_terminate = true;
@@ -766,7 +755,9 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
                   temp_index);
               temp_image_buffer[temp_index].valid = true;
             }
-            temp_image_buffer[temp_index].timestamp = monitor->shared_timestamps[index];
+
+            temp_image_buffer[temp_index].timestamp =
+                SystemTimePoint(zm::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(monitor->shared_timestamps[index]));
             monitor->image_buffer[index]->WriteJpeg(
                 temp_image_buffer[temp_index].file_name,
                 config.jpeg_file_quality
@@ -791,27 +782,29 @@ void MonitorStream::runStream() {
       Debug(3, "Waiting for capture last_write_index=%u", monitor->shared_data->last_write_index);
     } // end if ( (unsigned int)last_read_index != monitor->shared_data->last_write_index )
 
-    unsigned long sleep_time = (unsigned long)((1000000 * ZM_RATE_BASE)/((base_fps?base_fps:1)*abs(replay_rate*2)));
-    if ( sleep_time > MonitorStream::MAX_SLEEP_USEC ) {
+    FPSeconds sleep_time =
+        FPSeconds(ZM_RATE_BASE / ((base_fps ? base_fps : 1) * (replay_rate ? abs(replay_rate * 2) : 2)));
+
+    if (sleep_time > MonitorStream::MAX_SLEEP) {
       // Shouldn't sleep for long because we need to check command queue, etc.
-      sleep_time = MonitorStream::MAX_SLEEP_USEC;
-      Debug(3, "Sleeping for MAX_SLEEP_USEC %luus", sleep_time);
+      sleep_time = MonitorStream::MAX_SLEEP;
+      Debug(3, "Sleeping for MAX_SLEEP_USEC %" PRIi64 " us",
+            static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(sleep_time).count()));
     } else {
-      Debug(3, "Sleeping for %luus", sleep_time);
+      Debug(3, "Sleeping for %" PRIi64 " us",
+            static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(sleep_time).count()));
     }
-    usleep(sleep_time);
-    if ( ttl ) {
-      if ( (now.tv_sec - stream_start_time) > ttl ) {
-        Debug(2, "now(%" PRIi64 ") - start(%" PRIi64 " ) > ttl(%" PRIi64 ") break",
-              static_cast<int64>(now.tv_sec),
-              static_cast<int64>(stream_start_time),
-              static_cast<int64>(ttl));
-        break;
-      }
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(sleep_time);
+
+    if (ttl > Seconds(0) && (now - stream_start_time) > ttl) {
+      Debug(2, "now - start > ttl (%" PRIi64 " us). break",
+            static_cast<int64>(std::chrono::duration_cast<Microseconds>(ttl).count()));
+      break;
     }
-    if ( !last_frame_sent ) {
+
+    if (last_frame_sent.time_since_epoch() == Seconds(0)) {
       // If we didn't capture above, because frame_mod was bad? Then last_frame_sent will not have a value.
-      last_frame_sent = now.tv_sec;
+      last_frame_sent = now;
       Warning("no last_frame_sent.  Shouldn't happen. frame_mod was (%d) frame_count (%d)",
           frame_mod, frame_count);
     }
diff --git a/src/zm_monitorstream.h b/src/zm_monitorstream.h
index 5730bfc5a..0a690a1b6 100644
--- a/src/zm_monitorstream.h
+++ b/src/zm_monitorstream.h
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@
 
 class MonitorStream : public StreamBase {
   protected:
-    typedef struct SwapImage {
-      bool            valid;
-      struct timeval  timestamp;
-      char            file_name[PATH_MAX];
-    } SwapImage;
+    struct SwapImage {
+      bool valid = false;
+      SystemTimePoint timestamp;
+      char file_name[PATH_MAX] = "";
+    };
 
   private:
     SwapImage *temp_image_buffer;
@@ -38,15 +38,15 @@ class MonitorStream : public StreamBase {
     int temp_write_index;
 
   protected:
-    time_t ttl;
+    Microseconds ttl;
     int playback_buffer;
     bool delayed;
     int frame_count;
 
   protected:
     bool checkSwapPath(const char *path, bool create_path);
-    bool sendFrame(const char *filepath, const timeval &timestamp);
-    bool sendFrame(Image *image, const timeval &timestamp);
+    bool sendFrame(const char *filepath, SystemTimePoint timestamp);
+    bool sendFrame(Image *image, SystemTimePoint timestamp);
     void processCommand(const CmdMsg *msg) override;
     void SingleImage(int scale=100);
     void SingleImageRaw(int scale=100);
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class MonitorStream : public StreamBase {
 #endif
 
   public:
-    MonitorStream() : 
+    MonitorStream() :
       temp_image_buffer(nullptr),
       temp_image_buffer_count(0),
       temp_read_index(0),
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ class MonitorStream : public StreamBase {
       ttl(0),
       playback_buffer(0),
       delayed(false),
-      frame_count(0) {
-    }
+      frame_count(0) {}
+
     void setStreamBuffer(int p_playback_buffer) {
       playback_buffer = p_playback_buffer;
     }
     void setStreamTTL(time_t p_ttl) {
-      ttl = p_ttl;
+      ttl = Seconds(p_ttl);
     }
     bool setStreamStart(int monitor_id) {
       return loadMonitor(monitor_id);
diff --git a/src/zm_stream.cpp b/src/zm_stream.cpp
index c8f1166bd..48f966660 100644
--- a/src/zm_stream.cpp
+++ b/src/zm_stream.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+constexpr Seconds StreamBase::MAX_STREAM_DELAY;
+constexpr Milliseconds StreamBase::MAX_SLEEP;
+
 StreamBase::~StreamBase() {
   if (vid_stream) {
     delete vid_stream;
@@ -283,7 +286,7 @@ bool StreamBase::sendTextFrame(const char *frame_text) {
     fputs("\r\n\r\n", stdout);
     fflush(stdout);
   }
-  last_frame_sent = TV_2_FLOAT(now);
+  last_frame_sent = now;
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -368,7 +371,7 @@ void StreamBase::openComms() {
     strncpy(rem_addr.sun_path, rem_sock_path, sizeof(rem_addr.sun_path));
     rem_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
 
-    gettimeofday(&last_comm_update, nullptr);
+    last_comm_update = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
   } // end if connKey > 0
   Debug(3, "comms open at %s", loc_sock_path);
 } // end void StreamBase::openComms()
diff --git a/src/zm_stream.h b/src/zm_stream.h
index 9182d6dd4..d16e973ff 100644
--- a/src/zm_stream.h
+++ b/src/zm_stream.h
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
 
 #include "zm_logger.h"
 #include "zm_mpeg.h"
+#include "zm_time.h"
 #include <memory>
 #include <sys/un.h>
 
 class Image;
 class Monitor;
 
-#define TV_2_FLOAT( tv ) ( double((tv).tv_sec) + (double((tv).tv_usec) / 1000000.0) )
 #define BOUNDARY "ZoneMinderFrame"
 
 class StreamBase {
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ public:
   } StreamType;
 
 protected:
-  static const int MAX_STREAM_DELAY = 5; // Seconds
-  static const int MAX_SLEEP_USEC = 500000; // .5 Seconds
+  static constexpr Seconds MAX_STREAM_DELAY = Seconds(5);
+  static constexpr Milliseconds MAX_SLEEP = Milliseconds(500);
 
   static const StreamType DEFAULT_TYPE = STREAM_JPEG;
   enum { DEFAULT_RATE=ZM_RATE_BASE };
@@ -119,15 +119,15 @@ protected:
   bool paused;
   int step;
 
-  struct timeval now;
-  struct timeval last_comm_update;
+  SystemTimePoint now;
+  SystemTimePoint last_comm_update;
 
   double base_fps;
   double effective_fps;
   int frame_mod;
 
-  double last_frame_sent;
-  struct timeval last_frame_timestamp;
+  SystemTimePoint last_frame_sent;
+  SystemTimePoint last_frame_timestamp;
 
   VideoStream *vid_stream;
 
@@ -176,9 +176,7 @@ public:
     effective_fps = 0.0;
     frame_mod = 1;
 
-    vid_stream = 0;
-    last_frame_sent = 0.0;
-    last_frame_timestamp = {};
+    vid_stream = nullptr;
     msg = { 0, { 0 } };
   }
   virtual ~StreamBase();