//ZoneMinder Packet Queue Implementation Class //Copyright 2016 Steve Gilvarry // //This file is part of ZoneMinder. // //ZoneMinder is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify //it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by //the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or //(at your option) any later version. // //ZoneMinder is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, //but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of //MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the //GNU General Public License for more details. // //You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License //along with ZoneMinder. If not, see . // PacketQueue must know about all iterators and manage them #include "zm_packetqueue.h" #include "zm_ffmpeg.h" #include "zm_packet.h" #include "zm_signal.h" #include PacketQueue::PacketQueue(): video_stream_id(-1), max_video_packet_count(-1), pre_event_video_packet_count(-1), max_stream_id(-1), packet_counts(nullptr), deleting(false), keep_keyframes(false) { } /* Assumes queue is empty when adding streams * Assumes first stream added will be the video stream */ int PacketQueue::addStream() { deleting = false; if (max_stream_id == -1) { video_stream_id = 0; max_stream_id = 0; } else { max_stream_id ++; } if (packet_counts) delete[] packet_counts; packet_counts = new int[max_stream_id+1]; for (int i=0; i <= max_stream_id; ++i) packet_counts[i] = 0; return max_stream_id; } PacketQueue::~PacketQueue() { clear(); if (packet_counts) { delete[] packet_counts; packet_counts = nullptr; } while (!iterators.empty()) { packetqueue_iterator *it = iterators.front(); iterators.pop_front(); delete it; } Debug(4, "Done in destructor"); } /* Enqueues the given packet. Will maintain the it pointer and image packet counts. * If we have reached our max image packet count, it will pop off as many packets as are needed. * Thus it will ensure that the same packet never gets queued twice. */ bool PacketQueue::queuePacket(ZMPacket* add_packet) { Debug(4, "packetqueue queuepacket %p %d", add_packet, add_packet->image_index); if (iterators.empty()) { Debug(4, "No iterators so no one needs us to queue packets."); return false; } if (!packet_counts[video_stream_id] and !add_packet->keyframe) { Debug(4, "No video keyframe so no one needs us to queue packets."); return false; } { std::unique_lock lck(mutex); if (add_packet->packet.stream_index == video_stream_id) { if ((max_video_packet_count > 0) and (packet_counts[video_stream_id] > max_video_packet_count)) { Warning("You have set the max video packets in the queue to %u." " The queue is full. Either Analysis is not keeping up or" " your camera's keyframe interval is larger than this setting." " We are dropping packets.", max_video_packet_count); if (add_packet->keyframe) { // Have a new keyframe, so delete everything while ((*pktQueue.begin() != add_packet) and (packet_counts[video_stream_id] > max_video_packet_count)) { ZMPacket *zm_packet = *pktQueue.begin(); ZMLockedPacket *lp = new ZMLockedPacket(zm_packet); if (!lp->trylock()) { Debug(1, "Found locked packet when trying to free up video packets. Can't continue"); delete lp; break; } delete lp; for ( std::list::iterator iterators_it = iterators.begin(); iterators_it != iterators.end(); ++iterators_it ) { packetqueue_iterator *iterator_it = *iterators_it; // Have to check each iterator and make sure it doesn't point to the packet we are about to delete if ( *(*iterator_it) == zm_packet ) { Debug(1, "Bumping IT because it is at the front that we are deleting"); ++(*iterators_it); } } // end foreach iterator pktQueue.pop_front(); packet_counts[zm_packet->packet.stream_index] -= 1; Debug(1, "Deleting a packet with stream index:%d image_index:%d with keyframe:%d, video frames in queue:%d max: %d, queuesize:%d", zm_packet->packet.stream_index, zm_packet->image_index, zm_packet->keyframe, packet_counts[video_stream_id], max_video_packet_count, pktQueue.size()); delete zm_packet; } // end while } } // end if too many video packets if ((max_video_packet_count > 0) and (packet_counts[video_stream_id] > max_video_packet_count)) { Error("Unable to free up older packets. Not queueing this video packet."); return false; } } // end if this packet is a video packet pktQueue.push_back(add_packet); packet_counts[add_packet->packet.stream_index] += 1; Debug(2, "packet counts for %d is %d", add_packet->packet.stream_index, packet_counts[add_packet->packet.stream_index]); for ( std::list::iterator iterators_it = iterators.begin(); iterators_it != iterators.end(); ++iterators_it ) { packetqueue_iterator *iterator_it = *iterators_it; if (*iterator_it == pktQueue.end()) { Debug(4, "pointing it %p to back", iterator_it); --(*iterator_it); } else { Debug(4, "it %p not at end", iterator_it); } } // end foreach iterator } // end lock scope // We signal on every packet because someday we may analyze sound Debug(4, "packetqueue queuepacket, unlocked signalling"); condition.notify_all(); return true; } // end bool PacketQueue::queuePacket(ZMPacket* zm_packet) void PacketQueue::clearPackets(ZMPacket *add_packet) { // Only do queueCleaning if we are adding a video keyframe, so that we guarantee that there is one. // No good. Have to satisfy two conditions: // 1. packetqueue starts with a video keyframe // 2. Have minimum # of video packets // 3. No packets can be locked // 4. No iterator can point to one of the packets // // So start at the beginning, counting video packets until the next keyframe. // Then if deleting those packets doesn't break 1 and 2, then go ahead and delete them. if (keep_keyframes and ! ( add_packet->packet.stream_index == video_stream_id and add_packet->keyframe and (packet_counts[video_stream_id] > pre_event_video_packet_count) and *(pktQueue.begin()) != add_packet ) ) { Debug(3, "stream index %d ?= video_stream_id %d, keyframe %d, keep_keyframes %d, counts %d > pre_event_count %d at begin %d", add_packet->packet.stream_index, video_stream_id, add_packet->keyframe, keep_keyframes, packet_counts[video_stream_id], pre_event_video_packet_count, ( *(pktQueue.begin()) != add_packet ) ); return; } std::unique_lock lck(mutex); // If ananlysis_it isn't at the end, we need to keep that many additional packets int tail_count = 0; if (pktQueue.back() != add_packet) { packetqueue_iterator it = pktQueue.end(); --it; while (*it != add_packet) { if ((*it)->packet.stream_index == video_stream_id) ++tail_count; --it; } } Debug(1, "Tail count is %d", tail_count); if (!keep_keyframes) { // If not doing passthrough, we don't care about starting with a keyframe so logic is simpler while ((*pktQueue.begin() != add_packet) and (packet_counts[video_stream_id] > pre_event_video_packet_count + tail_count)) { ZMPacket *zm_packet = *pktQueue.begin(); ZMLockedPacket *lp = new ZMLockedPacket(zm_packet); if (!lp->trylock()) break; delete lp; if (is_there_an_iterator_pointing_to_packet(zm_packet)) { Warning("Found iterator at beginning of queue. Some thread isn't keeping up"); break; } pktQueue.pop_front(); packet_counts[zm_packet->packet.stream_index] -= 1; Debug(1, "Deleting a packet with stream index:%d image_index:%d with keyframe:%d, video frames in queue:%d max: %d, queuesize:%d", zm_packet->packet.stream_index, zm_packet->image_index, zm_packet->keyframe, packet_counts[video_stream_id], pre_event_video_packet_count, pktQueue.size()); delete zm_packet; } // end while return; } packetqueue_iterator it = pktQueue.begin(); packetqueue_iterator next_front = pktQueue.begin(); int video_packets_to_delete = 0; // This is a count of how many packets we will delete so we know when to stop looking // First packet is special because we know it is a video keyframe and only need to check for lock ZMPacket *zm_packet = *it; ZMLockedPacket *lp = new ZMLockedPacket(zm_packet); if (lp->trylock()) { ++it; delete lp; // Since we have many packets in the queue, we should NOT be pointing at end so don't need to test for that while (*it != add_packet) { zm_packet = *it; lp = new ZMLockedPacket(zm_packet); if (!lp->trylock()) break; delete lp; if (is_there_an_iterator_pointing_to_packet(zm_packet)) { Warning("Found iterator at beginning of queue. Some thread isn't keeping up"); break; } if (zm_packet->packet.stream_index == video_stream_id) { if (zm_packet->keyframe) { Debug(3, "Have a video keyframe so setting next front to it"); next_front = it; } ++video_packets_to_delete; Debug(4, "Counted %d video packets. Which would leave %d in packetqueue tail count is %d", video_packets_to_delete, packet_counts[video_stream_id]-video_packets_to_delete, tail_count); if (packet_counts[video_stream_id] - video_packets_to_delete <= pre_event_video_packet_count + tail_count) { break; } } it++; } // end while } // end if first packet not locked Debug(1, "Resulting pointing at latest packet? %d, next front points to begin? %d", ( *it == add_packet ), ( next_front == pktQueue.begin() ) ); if ( next_front != pktQueue.begin() ) { while ( pktQueue.begin() != next_front ) { ZMPacket *zm_packet = *pktQueue.begin(); if ( !zm_packet ) { Error("NULL zm_packet in queue"); continue; } Debug(1, "Deleting a packet with stream index:%d image_index:%d with keyframe:%d, video frames in queue:%d max: %d, queuesize:%d", zm_packet->packet.stream_index, zm_packet->image_index, zm_packet->keyframe, packet_counts[video_stream_id], pre_event_video_packet_count, pktQueue.size()); pktQueue.pop_front(); packet_counts[zm_packet->packet.stream_index] -= 1; delete zm_packet; } } // end if have at least max_video_packet_count video packets remaining // We signal on every packet because someday we may analyze sound return; } // end voidPacketQueue::clearPackets(ZMPacket* zm_packet) ZMLockedPacket* PacketQueue::popPacket( ) { Debug(4, "pktQueue size %d", pktQueue.size()); if ( pktQueue.empty() ) { return nullptr; } Debug(4, "poPacket Mutex locking"); std::unique_lock lck(mutex); ZMPacket *zm_packet = pktQueue.front(); for ( std::list::iterator iterators_it = iterators.begin(); iterators_it != iterators.end(); ++iterators_it ) { packetqueue_iterator *iterator_it = *iterators_it; // Have to check each iterator and make sure it doesn't point to the packet we are about to delete if ( *(*iterator_it) == zm_packet ) { Debug(4, "Bumping it because it is at the front that we are deleting"); ++(*iterators_it); } } // end foreach iterator ZMLockedPacket *lp = new ZMLockedPacket (zm_packet); lp->lock(); pktQueue.pop_front(); packet_counts[zm_packet->packet.stream_index] -= 1; return lp; } // popPacket /* Keeps frames_to_keep frames of the provided stream, which theoretically is the video stream * Basically it starts at the end, moving backwards until it finds the minimum video frame. * Then it should probably move forward to find a keyframe. The first video frame must always be a keyframe. * So really frames_to_keep is a maximum which isn't so awesome.. maybe we should go back farther to find the keyframe in which case * frames_to_keep in a minimum */ unsigned int PacketQueue::clear(unsigned int frames_to_keep, int stream_id) { Debug(3, "Clearing all but %d frames, queue has %d", frames_to_keep, pktQueue.size()); if ( pktQueue.empty() ) { return 0; } // If size is <= frames_to_keep since it could contain audio, we can't possibly do anything if ( pktQueue.size() <= frames_to_keep ) { return 0; } Debug(5, "Locking in clear"); std::unique_lock lck(mutex); packetqueue_iterator it = pktQueue.end()--; // point to last element instead of end ZMPacket *zm_packet = nullptr; while ( (it != pktQueue.begin()) and frames_to_keep ) { zm_packet = *it; AVPacket *av_packet = &(zm_packet->packet); Debug(3, "Looking at packet with stream index (%d) with keyframe(%d), Image_index(%d) frames_to_keep is (%d)", av_packet->stream_index, zm_packet->keyframe, zm_packet->image_index, frames_to_keep ); // Want frames_to_keep video keyframes. Otherwise, we may not have enough if ( av_packet->stream_index == stream_id ) { frames_to_keep --; } it --; } // Either at beginning or frames_to_keep == 0 if ( it == pktQueue.begin() ) { if ( frames_to_keep ) { Warning("Couldn't remove any packets, needed %d", frames_to_keep); } mutex.unlock(); return 0; } int delete_count = 0; // Else not at beginning, are pointing at packet before the last video packet while ( pktQueue.begin() != it ) { Debug(4, "Deleting a packet from the front, count is (%d), queue size is %d", delete_count, pktQueue.size()); zm_packet = pktQueue.front(); for ( std::list::iterator iterators_it = iterators.begin(); iterators_it != iterators.end(); ++iterators_it ) { packetqueue_iterator *iterator_it = *iterators_it; // Have to check each iterator and make sure it doesn't point to the packet we are about to delete if ( *(*iterator_it) == zm_packet ) { Debug(4, "Bumping it because it is at the front that we are deleting"); ++(*iterators_it); } } // end foreach iterator packet_counts[zm_packet->packet.stream_index] --; pktQueue.pop_front(); //if ( zm_packet->image_index == -1 ) delete zm_packet; delete_count += 1; } // while our iterator is not the first packet Debug(3, "Deleted %d packets, %d remaining", delete_count, pktQueue.size()); return delete_count; } // end unsigned int PacketQueue::clear( unsigned int frames_to_keep, int stream_id ) void PacketQueue::clear() { deleting = true; condition.notify_all(); std::unique_lock lck(mutex); while (!pktQueue.empty()) { ZMPacket *packet = pktQueue.front(); // Someone might have this packet, but not for very long and since we have locked the queue they won't be able to get another one ZMLockedPacket *lp = new ZMLockedPacket(packet); lp->lock(); pktQueue.pop_front(); delete lp; delete packet; } for ( std::list::iterator iterators_it = iterators.begin(); iterators_it != iterators.end(); ++iterators_it ) { packetqueue_iterator *iterator_it = *iterators_it; *iterator_it = pktQueue.begin(); } // end foreach iterator if ( packet_counts ) delete[] packet_counts; packet_counts = nullptr; max_stream_id = -1; condition.notify_all(); } // clear queue keeping only specified duration of video -- return number of pkts removed unsigned int PacketQueue::clear(struct timeval *duration, int streamId) { if ( pktQueue.empty() ) { return 0; } Debug(4, "Locking in clear"); std::unique_lock lck(mutex); struct timeval keep_from; std::list::reverse_iterator it = pktQueue.rbegin(); struct timeval *t = (*it)->timestamp; timersub(t, duration, &keep_from); ++it; Debug(3, "Looking for frame before queue keep time with stream id (%d), queue has %d packets", streamId, pktQueue.size()); for ( ; it != pktQueue.rend(); ++it) { ZMPacket *zm_packet = *it; AVPacket *av_packet = &(zm_packet->packet); if ( (av_packet->stream_index == streamId) and timercmp(zm_packet->timestamp, &keep_from, <=) ) { Debug(3, "Found frame before keep time with stream index %d at %d.%d", av_packet->stream_index, zm_packet->timestamp->tv_sec, zm_packet->timestamp->tv_usec); break; } } if ( it == pktQueue.rend() ) { Debug(1, "Didn't find a frame before queue preserve time. keeping all"); mutex.unlock(); return 0; } Debug(3, "Looking for keyframe"); for ( ; it != pktQueue.rend(); ++it) { ZMPacket *zm_packet = *it; AVPacket *av_packet = &(zm_packet->packet); if ( (av_packet->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY) and (av_packet->stream_index == streamId) ) { Debug(3, "Found keyframe before start with stream index %d at %d.%d", av_packet->stream_index, zm_packet->timestamp->tv_sec, zm_packet->timestamp->tv_usec ); break; } } if ( it == pktQueue.rend() ) { Debug(1, "Didn't find a keyframe before event starttime. keeping all" ); return 0; } unsigned int deleted_frames = 0; ZMPacket *zm_packet = nullptr; while ( distance(it, pktQueue.rend()) > 1 ) { zm_packet = pktQueue.front(); for ( std::list::iterator iterators_it = iterators.begin(); iterators_it != iterators.end(); ++iterators_it ) { packetqueue_iterator *iterator_it = *iterators_it; // Have to check each iterator and make sure it doesn't point to the packet we are about to delete if ( *(*iterator_it) == zm_packet ) { Debug(4, "Bumping it because it is at the front that we are deleting"); ++(*iterators_it); } } // end foreach iterator pktQueue.pop_front(); packet_counts[zm_packet->packet.stream_index] -= 1; delete zm_packet; deleted_frames += 1; } Debug(3, "Deleted %d frames", deleted_frames); return deleted_frames; } unsigned int PacketQueue::size() { return pktQueue.size(); } int PacketQueue::packet_count(int stream_id) { if ( stream_id < 0 or stream_id > max_stream_id ) { Error("Invalid stream_id %d max is %d", stream_id, max_stream_id); return -1; } return packet_counts[stream_id]; } // end int PacketQueue::packet_count(int stream_id) // Returns a packet. Packet will be locked ZMLockedPacket *PacketQueue::get_packet(packetqueue_iterator *it) { if (deleting or zm_terminate) return nullptr; Debug(4, "Locking in get_packet using it %p queue end? %d, packet %p", *it, (*it == pktQueue.end()), *(*it)); std::unique_lock lck(mutex); Debug(4, "Have Lock in get_packet"); ZMLockedPacket *lp = nullptr; while (!lp) { while (*it == pktQueue.end()) { if (deleting or zm_terminate) return nullptr; Debug(2, "waiting. Queue size %d it == end? %d", pktQueue.size(), (*it == pktQueue.end())); condition.wait(lck); } if (deleting or zm_terminate) return nullptr; ZMPacket *p = *(*it); if (!p) { Error("Null p?!"); return nullptr; } Debug(4, "get_packet using it %p locking index %d, packet %p", *it, p->image_index, p); // Packets are only deleted by packetqueue, so lock must be held. // We shouldn't have to trylock. Someone else might hold the lock but not for long lp = new ZMLockedPacket(p); if (lp->trylock()) { Debug(2, "Locked packet %d, unlocking packetqueue mutex", p->image_index); return lp; } delete lp; lp = nullptr; condition.wait(lck); } // end while !lp return nullptr; } // end ZMLockedPacket *PacketQueue::get_packet(it) void PacketQueue::unlock(ZMLockedPacket *lp) { delete lp; condition.notify_all(); } bool PacketQueue::increment_it(packetqueue_iterator *it) { Debug(2, "Incrementing %p, queue size %d, end? %d", it, pktQueue.size(), ((*it) == pktQueue.end())); if ((*it) == pktQueue.end()) { return false; } std::unique_lock lck(mutex); ++(*it); if (*it != pktQueue.end()) { Debug(2, "Incrementing %p, %p still not at end %p, so returning true", it, *it, pktQueue.end()); return true; } Debug(2, "At end"); return false; } // end bool PacketQueue::increment_it(packetqueue_iterator *it) // Increment it only considering packets for a given stream bool PacketQueue::increment_it(packetqueue_iterator *it, int stream_id) { Debug(2, "Incrementing %p, queue size %d, end? %d", it, pktQueue.size(), (*it == pktQueue.end())); if ( *it == pktQueue.end() ) { return false; } std::unique_lock lck(mutex); do { ++(*it); } while ( (*it != pktQueue.end()) and ( (*(*it))->packet.stream_index != stream_id) ); if ( *it != pktQueue.end() ) { Debug(2, "Incrementing %p, still not at end, so incrementing", it); return true; } return false; } // end bool PacketQueue::increment_it(packetqueue_iterator *it) packetqueue_iterator *PacketQueue::get_event_start_packet_it( packetqueue_iterator snapshot_it, unsigned int pre_event_count ) { std::unique_lock lck(mutex); packetqueue_iterator *it = new packetqueue_iterator; iterators.push_back(it); *it = snapshot_it; ZM_DUMP_PACKET((*(*it))->packet, ""); // Step one count back pre_event_count frames as the minimum // Do not assume that snapshot_it is video // snapshot it might already point to the beginning while (( (*it) != pktQueue.begin() ) and pre_event_count) { Debug(1, "Previous packet pre_event_count %d stream_index %d keyframe %d", pre_event_count, (*(*it))->packet.stream_index, (*(*it))->keyframe); ZM_DUMP_PACKET((*(*it))->packet, ""); if ( (*(*it))->packet.stream_index == video_stream_id ) { pre_event_count --; if ( ! pre_event_count ) break; } (*it)--; } // it either points to beginning or we have seen pre_event_count video packets. if ( (*it) == pktQueue.begin() ) { Debug(1, "Hit begin"); // hit end, the first packet in the queue should ALWAYS be a video keyframe. // So we should be able to return it. if ( pre_event_count ) { if ( (*(*it))->image_index < (int)pre_event_count ) { // probably just starting up Debug(1, "Hit end of packetqueue before satisfying pre_event_count. Needed %d more video frames", pre_event_count); } else { Warning("Hit end of packetqueue before satisfying pre_event_count. Needed %d more video frames", pre_event_count); } ZM_DUMP_PACKET((*(*it))->packet, ""); } return it; } // Not at beginning, so must be pointing at a video keyframe or maybe pre_event_count == 0 if ( (*(*it))->keyframe ) { ZM_DUMP_PACKET((*(*it))->packet, "Found video keyframe, Returning"); return it; } while ( --(*it) != pktQueue.begin() ) { ZM_DUMP_PACKET((*(*it))->packet, "No keyframe"); if ( ((*(*it))->packet.stream_index == video_stream_id) and (*(*it))->keyframe ) return it; // Success } if ( !(*(*it))->keyframe ) { Warning("Hit end of packetqueue before satisfying pre_event_count. Needed %d more video frames", pre_event_count); } return it; } // end packetqueue_iterator *PacketQueue::get_event_start_packet_it void PacketQueue::dumpQueue() { std::list::reverse_iterator it; for ( it = pktQueue.rbegin(); it != pktQueue.rend(); ++ it ) { ZMPacket *zm_packet = *it; ZM_DUMP_PACKET(zm_packet->packet, ""); } } /* Returns an iterator to the first video keyframe in the queue. * nullptr if no keyframe video packet exists. */ packetqueue_iterator * PacketQueue::get_video_it(bool wait) { packetqueue_iterator *it = new packetqueue_iterator; iterators.push_back(it); std::unique_lock lck(mutex); *it = pktQueue.begin(); if ( wait ) { while ( ((! pktQueue.size()) or (*it == pktQueue.end())) and !zm_terminate and !deleting ) { Debug(2, "waiting for packets in queue. Queue size %d it == end? %d", pktQueue.size(), ( *it == pktQueue.end() ) ); condition.wait(lck); *it = pktQueue.begin(); } if ( deleting or zm_terminate ) { free_it(it); delete it; return nullptr; } } while ( *it != pktQueue.end() ) { ZMPacket *zm_packet = *(*it); if (!zm_packet) { Error("Null zmpacket in queue!?"); free_it(it); return nullptr; } Debug(1, "Packet keyframe %d for stream %d, so returning the it to it", zm_packet->keyframe, zm_packet->packet.stream_index); if (zm_packet->keyframe and ( zm_packet->packet.stream_index == video_stream_id )) { Debug(1, "Found a keyframe for stream %d, so returning the it to it", video_stream_id); return it; } ++(*it); } Debug(1, "DIdn't Found a keyframe for stream %d, so returning the it to it", video_stream_id); return it; } // get video_it void PacketQueue::free_it(packetqueue_iterator *it) { for ( std::list::iterator iterators_it = iterators.begin(); iterators_it != iterators.end(); ++iterators_it ) { if ( *iterators_it == it ) { iterators.erase(iterators_it); break; } } } bool PacketQueue::is_there_an_iterator_pointing_to_packet(ZMPacket *zm_packet) { for ( std::list::iterator iterators_it = iterators.begin(); iterators_it != iterators.end(); ++iterators_it ) { packetqueue_iterator *iterator_it = *iterators_it; if ( *iterator_it == pktQueue.end() ) { continue; } Debug(4, "Checking iterator %p == packet ? %d", (*iterator_it), ( *(*iterator_it) == zm_packet )); // Have to check each iterator and make sure it doesn't point to the packet we are about to delete if ( *(*iterator_it) == zm_packet ) { return true; } } // end foreach iterator return false; } void PacketQueue::setMaxVideoPackets(int p) { max_video_packet_count = p; Debug(1, "Setting max_video_packet_count to %d", p); if ( max_video_packet_count < 0 ) max_video_packet_count = 0 ; } void PacketQueue::setPreEventVideoPackets(int p) { pre_event_video_packet_count = p; Debug(1, "Setting pre_event_video_packet_count to %d", p); if ( pre_event_video_packet_count < 1 ) pre_event_video_packet_count = 1; // We can simplify a lot of logic in queuePacket if we can assume at least 1 packet in queue }