730 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
730 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
ZONE MINDER v1.0.0
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==================
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Introduction
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============
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Welcome to ZoneMinder, the new all-in-one Linux GPL'd security camera solution.
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A few months back my garage was burgled and they stole my wine and power tools!
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I realised shortly after that if I'd just had a camera overlooking the door then
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at least I'd have know exactly when and who did the dirty deed. And so
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ZoneMinder was born. It's still a baby but hopefully it can grow up to be
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something that can be genuinely useful and maybe one day either prevent similar
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incidents or perhaps bring some perpetrators to justice.
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ZoneMinder (hereafter referred to as ZM to save my fingers) is designed around a
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series of independent components that only function when necessary limiting any
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wasted resource and maximising the function of your machine. A fairly ancient
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Pentium PC should be able to track one camera per device at up to 25 frames per
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second with this dropping by half approximately for each additional camera on
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the same device, additional cameras on other devices do not interact so can
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maintain this frame rate. Even monitoring several cameras still will not
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overload the CPU as frame processing is designed to synchronise with capture and
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not stall it.
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As well as being fast ZM is designed to be friendly and even more than that,
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actually useful. As well as the fast video interface core it also comes with a
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user friendly and comprehensive PHP based web interface allowing you to control
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and monitor your cameras from home or even elsewhere. It supports variable web
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capabilities based on available bandwidth. The web interface also allows you to
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view events that your cameras have captured and archive them or review them time
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and again, or delete the ones you now longer wish to keep. The web pages
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directly interact with the core daemons ensuring full co-operation at all times.
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The core of ZM is the capture and analysis of images and there is a highly
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configurable set of parameters that allow you to ensure that you can eliminate
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false positives whilst ensuring that anything you don't want to miss will be
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captured and saved. ZM allows you to define a set of 'zones' for each camera of
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varying sensitivity and functionality. This allows you to eliminate regions that
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you don't wish to track or define areas that will alarm if various thresholds
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are exceeded in conjunction with other zones.
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ZoneMinder is fresh off the keyboard and so comes with no warranty whatsoever,
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please try it, send your feedback and if you get anything useful out of it
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please let me know.
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Requirements
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============
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ZM needs a couple of things to work. Firstly, it uses MySQL so you'll need that,
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in order to compile you need to make sure you have a development installation
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and not just a runtime. Next it does things with JPEGs so you'll need at least
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libjpeg.a which I think come as standard nowadays. It also uses the netpbm
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utilities in a very limited way to generate thumbnails under certain
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circumstances though this can be modified. ZM can generate MPEG videos if
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necessary, for this you'll need the Berkeley MPEG encoder, if you don't have it
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don't worry the options will be hidden and you'll not miss much really. The web
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interface uses PHP and so you need that in your apache or whatever as well.
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Finally, there is quite a bit of image streaming in the package so if you don't
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have Netscape I recommend you get the excellent Cambozola java applet from
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http://www.charliemouse.com/code/cambozola/ which will let you view the image
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stream in IE and others. Otherwise you're limited to just refreshing still
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images.
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Hardware wise, ZM has been used with BTTV cards and USB cameras with the V4L
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interface. I don't have a lot of cameras so I've not had change to test it much.
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Please let me know if your camera works or not. You do need to have Video 4
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Linux installed. I've not got many machines so I've only really used it on
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Redhat 7.2, which does have everything there by default I think. Please give me
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feedback on other distributions.
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Building
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========
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Before you start building you have a couple of things to do. Firstly you'll have
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to create your ZoneMinder database and users. You'll need to identify these in
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zmcfg.h and in index.php. You'll notice that in zmcfg.h there are two sets of
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users and passwords. This is because the Streaming server and Utility binaries
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require only read access to the database so you may wish to create both a full
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access user and a limited access user. You can of course set both to the full
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access user. The included schema (zmschema.sql) can be used to actually create
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the tables required. The database is usually called 'zm'. If you are upgrading
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from a previous version you can use zmalter.sql to upgrade your database and
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make the necessary changes. ZM also needs to know where it stores its events
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relative to the web root directory in zmcfg.h and where in full path terms in
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zmconfig.php. There are also several other paths in index.php but these can wait
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until later.
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The next step is tocheck and/or edit the src/Makefile.in and web/Makefile.in
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files and make sure that the WEBUSR and WEBGRP definitions near the top are
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appropriate for the user associated with your web server, ie. apache or web
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or whatever you've defined. In the web/makefile.in file there is also another
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definition which is webdir which should be the directory you want to install
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the PHP files to, and in src/Makefile.in there is a similar definition of
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cgidir which is where your CGI files should go. This is a bit of a pain I
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will admit so if anyone can tell me how to get this stuff put into the configure
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script I would be most grateful.
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So to continue, just type './configure --with-mysql=/usr' (or your MySQL install
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path). Then just type 'make' and off you go.
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I know what you are going to say next, it doesn't work. I hope it does but this
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is my first type with autoconf and quite honestly I haven't a clue what I'm
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doing so if you do get any build problems then just let me know and I'll try and
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tell you how to fix them. Alternatively if you are an automake/autoconf expert
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then please let me know what to do!
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There are a couple of files in the package that come from other packages, this
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is just to simplify the build and reduce dependencies on other packages.
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Anything ZM specific is named as such.
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It is possible to rebuild the whole thing from the enclosed automake files but
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if you do you will have to ensure that the installation part for the php and
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cgi files in the src/Makefile.in and web/Makefile.in is reconstructed, as it
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is not present by default.
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Installation
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============
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Once the build has completed you should have several shiny new binaries. I will
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now briefly describe what each of them do.
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zmc - This is the ZoneMinder Capture daemon. This binary's job is to sit on a
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video device and such frames off it as fast as possible, this should run at more
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or less constant speed.
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zma - This is the ZoneMinder Analysis daemon. This is the component that goes
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through the captured frames and checks them for alarming events. It generally
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keeps up with the zmc but if very busy may skip some frames to prevent it
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falling behind.
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zms - This is the ZoneMinder Streaming server. The web interface connects with
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this to get real-time or historical streamed images.
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zmu - This is the ZoneMinder Utility. It's basically a handy command line
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interface to several useful functions. Not really meant to be used by anyone
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except the web page (there's no 'help' in it yet) but can be if necessary.
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As well as this there are the web PHP files in the web directory and some perl
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scripts in the scripts directory, only one of which is actually required for
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a minimal installation. These scripts all have some configuration at the top
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of the files which should be viewed and amended if necesary and are as follows.
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zmdc.pl - This is the ZoneMinder Daemon Control. This is used by the web
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interface to control the execution of the capture and analysis daemons amongst
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others. You should not need to run this script yourself.
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zmfilter.pl - This script control the execution of saved filters and will be
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started and stopped by the web interface based on whether there are filters
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that have been defined to be autonomous. This script is also responsible for
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the automatic uploading of events to a 3rd party server so you will need to
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modify it to suit your confguration.
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zmaudit.pl - This script is used to check the consistency of the event file
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system and database. It can delete orphaned events, ie. ones that appear in
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one location and not the other as well as checking that all the various event
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related tables are in line. It can be run interactively or in batch mode either
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from the command line or a cron job or similar. In the zmconfig.php there is
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an option to specify fast event deletes where the web interface only deletes
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the event entry from the database itself. If this is set then it is this
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script that tidies up the rest.
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zmx10.pl - This is an option script that can be used to initiate and monitor
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X10 Home Automation style events and interface with an alarm system either by
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the generation of X10 signals on ZM events or by initiating ZM monitoring and
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capture on receipt of X10 signals from elsewhere, for instance the setting of
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a domestic alarm system.
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Finally, check zmconfig.php in the web directory and amend any configuration
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necessary in there.
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At this stage typing 'make install' will install these everything to the desired
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locations.
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Start your web browser and point it at zm.php and off you go.
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Tutorial
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========
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To start with you should see the ZM Console window, this will resize itself to
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avoid being too intrusive on your desktop. Along the top there is a set of links
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to configure your bandwidth, this allows you to optimise your settings depending
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on where you are and the actual options relating to this are defined at the top
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of the index.php file. If you are using a browser on the same machine or network
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then choose high, over a cable or DSL link maybe choose medium and over a dialup
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choose low. You can experiment to see which is best. This setting is retained on
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a per machine basis with a persistent cookie.
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Defining Monitors
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-----------------
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To use ZM properly you need to define at least one Monitor. Essentially a
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monitor is attached to a camera and will continually check it for motion
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detection and such like. So, next click 'Add New Monitor' to bring up the
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dialog. First choose a name for it, anything you like. The next field is
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'Function' which essentially defines what the monitor is doing. This can be
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'None' meaning the monitor is currently disabled, 'Passive' meaning you can
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watch the streams coming from the camera but no alarms or events will be
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generated, or 'Active' meaning all the images will be analysed as well as the
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stream being available to watch. Generally you'll want 'Active' but for now
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leave this at 'None'. Next enter the device number that your camera is attached
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to. If it's /dev/video0 enter '0' etc. Some video devices, e.g. BTTV cards
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support multiple cameras so in the Channel box choose the appropriate channel,
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or leave it at zero if you're using a USB camera or one without channels. Next
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enter the video format, and dimensions of the video stream your camera will
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supply. If your camera supports several just enter the one you'll want to use
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for this application, you can always change it later. However I would recommend
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starting with no larger than 352x288 and then perhaps increasing and seeing how
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performance is affected. This size should be adequate in most cases. Finally
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enter the colour depth. ZM supports both greyscale and 24 bit colour, so enter 1
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or 3 here. Currently it doesn't support any of the more esoteric formats, like
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15 bit etc. Click 'update' to add your monitor.
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On the main console listing you will now see your monitor and some of its vital
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statistics. Each column is also a link and you get to other functions of ZM by
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choosing the appropriate one. For the most part I'll describe them left to right
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but lets start with the Device column which you'll see showing red. This means
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that that device has no zmc (capture) daemon running on it, if it were orange it
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would mean that a zmc daemon was running but no zma (analysis) daemon and green
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means both are running. In our case it is red because we defined the Monitor to
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have a Function of None so no daemons are required. To get the daemons up and
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running you can either click on the device listed in the Device column, and
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start the daemons manually, or click on the Function listed and change it to
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'Active', which will ensure that the appropriate daemons are started
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automatically. Having a device status of red or orange does not necessarily
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constitute an error if you have deliberately disabled a monitor or have just put
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it into Passive mode. If you have several cameras (and thus monitors) on a
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device the device status colour reflects all of them, so if just one monitor is
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active then both daemons will be running even if all the other monitors are
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switched off. Once you have changed the function of your monitor, the main
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console window will be updated to reflect this change. If your device status
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does not go green then check your system and web server logs to see if it's
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something obvious like a bad path etc.
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You can now add further monitors if you have cameras set up to support them.
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Once you have one or more monitors you may notice a 'Scan' link appears which
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allows you to cycle through a shot from each of your monitors (unless they are
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switched off) and get a still image from each in turn. Clicking on the image
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will take you to the monitor watch window, which will be discussed shortly.
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Returning to the main console window, if you click the Id of your monitor in the
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listing then you will have the opportunity to edit any of the settings your
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originally defined your monitor to have.
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Defining Zones
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--------------
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The next important thing to do is set up Zones for your monitors to use. By
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default you'll already have one created for you when you created your monitor
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but you might want to modify it or add others. Click on the Zones column for
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your monitor and you should see a small popup window appear which contains an
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image from your camera overlain with a stippled pattern representing your zone.
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In the default case this will cover the whole image and will be red. Beneath
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that will be a table containing a listing of your zones. Clicking on either the
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relevant bit of the image or on the Id or Name in the table will bring up
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another window where you can edit the particulars for your Zones. As you can see
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there are quite a few, so now is a good time to go through them.
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Firstly the zone Name appears, you can change this to be more representative if
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you like, though it isn't used much except for logging and debugging. After that
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is the zone Type, this is one of the more important concepts in ZM and there are
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four to choose from. The one you'll use most and which will be set for your
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default zone if 'Active'. This means that this zone will trigger an alarm on any
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events that occur within that meet the selection criteria. The next two options
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I'll cover shortly but the one at the bottom is Inactive, which is the opposite
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of Active. In this zone type no alarms will ever be reported. Create an Inactive
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zone to cover any areas in which nothing notable will ever happen or where you
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get constant false alarms that don't relate to what you are trying to monitor.
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An Inactive zone can overlay other zone types and will be processed first.
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The next option is Inclusive and you'd use this zone type for any zones that you
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want to trigger an alarm only if at least one other Active zone has already
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triggered one. This might be for example to cover an area of the image like a
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plant or tree which moves a lot and which would trigger lots of alarms. Perhaps
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this is behind an area you'd like to monitor though, in this case you'd create
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an active zone covering the non-moving parts and an inclusive zone covering the
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tree perhaps with less sensitive detection settings also. If something triggered
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an alarm in the Active zone and also in the Inclusive zone they would both be
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registered and the resulting alarm would be that much bigger than if you had
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blanked it out altogether.
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The final zone Type is Exclusive, this means that alarms will only be triggered
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in this zone if no alarms have already been triggered in Active zones. This is
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the most specialised of the zone types and you may never use it but in its place
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it is very useful. For instance in the camera covering my garden I keep watch
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for a hedgehog that visits most nights and scoffs the food out of my cats bowls.
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By creating a sensitive Exclusive zone in that area I can ensure that a hedgehog
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alarm will only trigger if there is activity in that small area. If something
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much bigger occurs, like someone walking by it will trigger a regular alarm and
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not one from the Exclusive zone. Thus I can ensure I get alarms for big events
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and also special small events but not the noise in between. I mentioned above
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that Inactive zones may be overlain on other zones to blank out areas however as
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a general principle you should try and make zones abut each other as much as
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possible and not overlaps to avoid repeated duplicate processing of the same
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area. For instance an Inclusive zone overlaying an Active zone when all other
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settings are the same will always trigger when the Active zone does which
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somewhat defeats the object of the exercise.
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The rest of the zone settings are slightly simpler to explain. The first is
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Units which details whether certain of the following settings are in Pixels or
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Percent of the frame. In general pixels is more precise whereas percentages are
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easier to use to start with. If you change this setting all appropriate values
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below are redisplayed in the correct context. A good tip would be to initially
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enter the settings in Percent and then change to Pixels and refine any gaps.
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Repeated flipping between the settings will cause rounding errors, as ZM in
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general is not at home to Mr Floating Point for reasons of performance.
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Following the units the next four settings define the bounds of the Zone in the
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monitor frame and are self-explanatory with the exception of the fact that the
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minima are at the top left of the frame and the maxima are at the bottom right
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rather than Cartesian. The option after that allows you to specify what colour
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you'd like any alarms this zone generates to be highlighted on images, pick
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anything you like that will show up against your normal image background. This
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and all following options are irrelevant for Inactive zones and you will be
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prevented from setting them.
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Motion Detection
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-----------------
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The options that follow are all related to motion detection and now would be a
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good time to describe how that works. Once a stream of images starts coming
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through the zma daemon will begin analysing them initially there will be a warm-
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up period where it does nothing except start to build up a reference image. This
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image is a composite of the previous images and by default is formed of by
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applying the current image as 10% of the previous reference image. Thus each
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images part in the reference image will diminish by a factor of 0.9 each time
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round. So a typical reference image will be 10% the previous image, 9% the one
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before that and then 8.1, 7.2, 6.5 and so on of the rest of the way. An image
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will effectively vanish around 25 images later than when it was added. This
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blend value of 10% can be varied and if higher will make slower progressing
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events less detectable as the reference image would change more quickly,
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similarly events will be deemed to be over much sooner as the reference image
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adapts to the new images more quickly. In signal processing terms the higher
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this value the steeper the event attack and decay of the signal. It depends on
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your particular requirements what the appropriate value would be for you.
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So to go back to the settings, the next one is an alarm threshold, this
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represents the difference in value between a pixel and it's predecessor. For
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greyscale images this is simple but for colour images the colours are averaged
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first, originally this used an RMS (root mean squared) algorithm but calculating
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square roots mugs performance and does not seem to improve detection. Using an
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average does means that subtle colour changes without any brightness change may
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go undetected but this is not the normal circumstance. The following two
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settings define the minimum and maximum number of pixels that exceed this
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threshold that would cause an alarm. If the units are Percent this (and
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following options) refers to the percentage of the frame and not the zone, this
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is so these values can be related between zones. The minimum value must is
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matched or exceed for an alarm to be generated whereas the maximum must not be
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exceeded or the alarm will be cancelled. This is to allow for sudden changes
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such as lights coming on etc, which you may wish to disregard. In general a
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value of zero for any of these settings causes that value to be ignored, so you
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can safely set a maximum to zero and it will not be used. The use of just a
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number of pixels is however a very brute force method of detection as many small
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events dispersed widely are not distinguished from a compact one.
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To combat this ZM applies several other functions to the data to improve its
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ability to distinguish interesting signals from uninteresting noise. The first
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of these is a filter that removes any pixels that do not participate in a
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contiguous block of pixels above a certain size. The options that control this
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are the Filter Width and Height settings, which are always pixels and which
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should be fairly small, and an odd number. Application of this filter removes
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any tiny or discontinuous pixels that don't form part of a discrete block.
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Following that are two further bounds that specify the limits of pixels that
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would cause an alarm after this filtering process. As the filtering process only
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removes pixels it makes no sense for the Minimum and Maximum Filtered Area to be
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larger than the equivalent Alarmed Area and in general they should be smaller or
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the same. The next step in the analysis phase is the collation of any remaining
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alarmed areas into contiguous blobs. This process parses the image and forms any
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pixels that adjoin other alarmed pixels into one or more larger blobs. These
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blobs may be any shape and can be as large as the zone itself or as small as the
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filtered size. The Minimum and Maximum Blob Size settings allow you to define
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limits within which an alarm will be generated. Of these only the Minimum is
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likely to be very useful. Finally the Minimum and Maximum Blobs specify the
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limits of the actual number of blobs detected. If an image change satisfies all
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these requirements it becomes an alarm event.
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Viewing Monitors
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----------------
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As this point you should have one or more Monitors running with one or more
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Zones each. Returning to the main Console window you will see your monitors
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listed once more. The columns not explored so far are the Monitor name, and
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various event totals for certain periods of time. Clicking on any of the event
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totals will bring up a variation on the same window but click on the Monitor
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name for now. On doing so up will pop another window which should be scaled to
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contain a heading, an image from your monitor, a status and a list of events if
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any have been generated. Depending on whether you are able to view a streamed
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image or not the image frame will either be this stream or a series of stills.
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You have the option to change from one to the other (if available) at the centre
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of the top heading. The image should be self-explanatory but if it looks like
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garbage it is possible that the video configuration is wrong so look in your
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system error log and check for or report anything unusual. The centre of the
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window will have a tiny frame that just contains a status; this will be 'Idle',
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'Alarm' or 'Alert' depending on the function of the Monitor and what's going on
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in the field of view. Idle means nothing is happening, Alarm means there is an
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alarm in progress and Alert means that an alarm has happened and the monitor is
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cooling down, if another alarm is generated in this time it will just become
|
|
part of the same event. These indicators are colour coded in green, red and
|
|
amber. By default if you have minimised this window or opened other windows in
|
|
front it will pop up to the front if it goes to Alarm state. This behaviour can
|
|
be turned off in configuration at the top of the index.php file. You can also
|
|
specify a sound file in the configuration, which will be played when an alarm
|
|
occurs to alert you to the fact if you are not in front of your computer. This
|
|
should be a short sound of only a couple of seconds ideally. Note that as the
|
|
status is refreshed every few seconds it is possible for this not to alert you
|
|
to every event that takes place, so you shouldn't rely on it for this purpose if
|
|
you expect very brief events. Alternatively you can decrease the refresh
|
|
interval for this window in the configuration though having too frequently
|
|
refreshing may impact on performance. Below the status is a list of recent
|
|
events that have occurred, by default this is a listing of just the last 12 but
|
|
clicking on 'All' will give you a full list and 'Archive' will take you to the
|
|
event archive for this monitor, more on this later. Clicking on any of the
|
|
column headings will sort the events appropriately. From here you can also
|
|
delete events if you wish. The events themselves are listed with the event id,
|
|
and event name (which you can change), the time that the event occurred, the
|
|
length of the event including any preamble and post amble frames, the number of
|
|
frames comprising the event with the number that actually contain an alarm in
|
|
brackets and finally a score. This column lists the average score per alarm
|
|
frame as well as the maximum score that any alarm frame had. The score is an
|
|
arbitrary value that essentially represents the percentage of pixels in the zone
|
|
that are in blobs divided by the number of blobs and then divided by the size of
|
|
the zone. This gives a nominal maximum of 100 for a zone and the totals for each
|
|
zone are added together, Active zones scores are added unchanged, Inclusive
|
|
zones are halved first and Exclusive zones are doubled. In reality values are
|
|
likely to be much less than 100 but it does give a simple indication of how
|
|
major the event was.
|
|
|
|
Filtering Events
|
|
----------------
|
|
The other columns on the main console window contain various event totals for
|
|
your monitor over the last hour, day, week and month as well as a grand total
|
|
and a total for events that you may have archived for safekeeping. Clicking on
|
|
one of these totals or on the 'All' or 'Archive' links from the monitor window
|
|
described above will present you with a new display. This is the full event
|
|
window and contains a list of events selected according to a filter which will
|
|
also pop up in it's own window. Thus if you clicked on a 'day' total the filter
|
|
will indicate that this is the period for which events are being filtered. The
|
|
event listing window contains a similar listing to the recent events in the
|
|
monitor window. The primary differences are that the frames and alarm frames and
|
|
the score and maximum score are now broken out into their own columns, all of
|
|
which can be sorted by clicking on the heading. Also this window will not
|
|
refresh automatically, rather only on request. Other than that, you can choose
|
|
to view events here or delete them as before. The other window that appeared is
|
|
a filter window. You can use this window to create your own filters or to modify
|
|
existing ones. You can even save your favourite filters to re-use at a future
|
|
date. Filtering itself is fairly simple, you first choose how many expressions
|
|
you'd like your filter to contain. Changing this value will cause the window to
|
|
redraw with a corresponding row for each expression. You then select what you
|
|
want to filter on and how the expressions relate by choosing whether they are
|
|
'and' or 'or' relationships. For filter comprised of many expressions you will
|
|
also get the option to bracket parts of the filter to ensure you can express it
|
|
as desired. There are several different elements to an event that you can filter
|
|
on, some of which require further explanation. These are as follows, 'Date/Time'
|
|
which must evaluate to a date and a time together, 'Date' and 'Time' which are
|
|
variants which may only contain the relevant subsets of this, 'Weekday' which as
|
|
expected is a day of the week. All of the preceding elements take a very
|
|
flexible free format of dates and time based on the PHP strtotime function
|
|
(http://www.zend.com/manual/function.strtotime.php). This allows values such as
|
|
'last Wednesday' etc to be entered. I recommend acquainting yourself with this
|
|
function to see what the allowed formats are. The other elements you can filter
|
|
on are all fairly self explanatory except perhaps for 'Archived' which you can
|
|
use to include or exclude Archived events. In general you'll probably do most
|
|
filtering on un-archived events. Once your filter is specified, clicking
|
|
'submit' will filter the events according to your specification. If you have
|
|
created a filter you want to keep, you can name it and save it by clicking
|
|
'Save'. If you do this then the subsequent dialog will also allow you specify
|
|
whether you want this filter automatically applied in order to delete events or
|
|
upload events via ftp to another server. This functionality is explained in more
|
|
detail elsewhere. Filtering is a powerful mechanism you can use to eliminate
|
|
events that fit a certain pattern however in many cases modifying the zone
|
|
settings will better address this. Where it really comes into it's own is
|
|
generally in applying time filters, so for instance events that happen during
|
|
weekdays or at certain times of the day are highlighted, uploaded or deleted.
|
|
|
|
Viewing Events
|
|
--------------
|
|
From the monitor or filtered events listing you can now click on an event to
|
|
view it in more detail. If you have streaming capability you will see a series
|
|
of images that make up the event. You will also see a link to allow you to view
|
|
the still images themselves. If you don't have streaming then you will be taken
|
|
directly to this page. The images themselves are thumbnail size and depending on
|
|
the configuration and bandwidth you have chosen will either be the full images
|
|
scaled in your browser of actual scaled images. If it is the latter, if you have
|
|
low bandwidth for example, it may take a few seconds to generate the images. If
|
|
thumbnail images are required to be generated, they will be kept and not re-
|
|
generated in future. Once the images appear you can mouse over them to get the
|
|
image sequence number and the image score. You will notice for the first time
|
|
that alarm images now contain an overlay outlining the blobs that represent the
|
|
alarmed area. This outline is in the colour defined for that zone and lets you
|
|
see what it was that caused the alarm. Clicking on one of the thumbnails will
|
|
take you to a full size window where you can see the image in all it's detail
|
|
and scroll through the various images that make up the event. Should you
|
|
determine that you don't wish to keep the event, clicking on Delete will erase
|
|
it from the database and file system. Returning to the event window, other
|
|
options here are renaming the event to something more meaningful, refreshing the
|
|
window to replay the event stream, deleting the event, switching between
|
|
streamed and still versions of the event (if supported) and generating an MPEG
|
|
video of the event (if supported). These last two options require further
|
|
explanation. Archiving an event means that it is kept to one side and not
|
|
displayed in the normal event listings unless you specifically ask to view the
|
|
archived events. This is useful for keeping events that you think may be
|
|
important or just wish to protect. Once an event is archived it can be deleted
|
|
or unarchived but you cannot accidentally delete it when viewing normal
|
|
unarchived events. The final option of generating an MPEG video is experimental
|
|
and not likely to be highly useful. It uses the Berkeley MPEG encoder and will
|
|
generate a short video which will be downloaded to your browsing machine to
|
|
view. Due to the relatively slow frame rate that ZM will capture at and the high
|
|
minimum frame rate that the encoder uses, each image is included twice. This has
|
|
the useful effect of making the video watchable and not too quick while having
|
|
the unfortunate side effect of increasing file size and generation time.
|
|
Building an MPEG video, especially for a large event, can take some time and
|
|
should not be undertaken lightly as the effect on your host box of many CPU
|
|
intensive encoders will not be good. However once a video has been created for
|
|
an event it will be kept so subsequent viewing will not incur the generation
|
|
overhead. I will be the first to admit that this area of the package is not
|
|
particularly well implemented and needs work, and probably a better encoder.
|
|
|
|
That pretty much is it for the tour. You should experiment with the various
|
|
setting to get the results you think are right for your. Naturally letting
|
|
thousands of events build up is not good for the database or your file system so
|
|
you should endeavour to either prevent spurious events from being generated in
|
|
the first place or ensure that you housekeep them strictly.
|
|
|
|
Have fun, please report any bugs or features you'd like to see and hopefully ZM
|
|
can be your camera monitoring friend!
|
|
|
|
Philip Coombes (philip.coombes@zoneminder.com) - December 2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
Troubleshooting
|
|
===============
|
|
|
|
Life eh? Nothing ever works first time does it? In case you are having problems
|
|
here are some things to try. If these don't work then feel free to get in touch
|
|
and I'll see if I can suggest something else. The best places to look for errors
|
|
are in your system error log (probably /var/log/messages on RedHat) and your web
|
|
server log (/var/log/httpd/error_log). There should be something in one of those
|
|
that gives you some kind of tip off.
|
|
|
|
Some things to check.
|
|
1. Device configuration. If you can't get your cameras to work in ZM, firstly
|
|
make sure that you have the correct settings. Use xawtv or something like that
|
|
to check for settings that work. If you can't get them to work with that then
|
|
the likelihood is they won't work with ZM.
|
|
2. Device permissions. Since the ZM daemons are started by your web server, you
|
|
need to ensure that your video devices can be opened by the associated user,
|
|
usually apache or web. It is often the case that these files are created with
|
|
read access by root only (and sometimes reset on a reboot) so you might need to
|
|
chmod a+r /dev/video0 etc. to make them readable.
|
|
3. Web server. Ensure that your web server can serve PHP files. It's also
|
|
possible that your php.ini file may have some settings which break ZM, I'm not a
|
|
PHP guru but setting safe mode may prevent your PHP files from running certain
|
|
programs. You may have to set configuration to allow this. Also since the
|
|
daemons are started by your web server, if it dies or is shut down then the
|
|
daemons may disappear. In this version the daemons are run under the control of
|
|
a script which should trap expected signals but it is possible this doesn't
|
|
cover all circumstances.
|
|
4. Use debug. ZM has various debug in it that by default will go into your
|
|
system log (via syslog). These will be of the form of
|
|
"Sep 14 14:50:11 localhost zma-0[1975]: INF [Front: 221000 - Processing at 4.26
|
|
fps ]"
|
|
where the zma-0 part identifies the daemon and the device it is running on.
|
|
Entries with INF in are informational and not an error, if you see ERR then it
|
|
is one, though not all are fatal. You can prevent this information from being
|
|
emitted by setting the DLVL_zmc environment variable to -1 or less once things
|
|
are working. If you want to run any of the daemons from the command line to
|
|
test, setting DBG_PRINT to 1 will output the debug on the console and setting
|
|
DLVL_zmc (or DLVL_zma etc) to a number between 0 and 9 will emit progressively
|
|
more debug though there's not a lot in there at present.
|
|
5. Paths. I admit it, the various paths in ZM are a bit of a nightmare. Make
|
|
sure that they are all correct and that permissions are such that the various
|
|
parts of ZM can actually run. Most of the places you need to specify this kind
|
|
of information are at the top of the associated configuration files but I've not
|
|
been able to get the automatic configure script to do all this by itself yet.
|
|
|
|
Also, if you are using IE under Windows and get lots of annoying clicks when
|
|
various windows refresh then you'll need to edit your registry and remove the
|
|
value for HKEY_CURRENT_USER\AppEvents\Schemes\Apps\Explorer\Navigating\.current
|
|
or download the registry script to do it for you from
|
|
http://www.zoneminder.com/downloads/noIEClick.reg
|
|
|
|
Whats New
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
Release 1.0.0 - Yes, a big jump in release number but a lot of changes too. Now
|
|
somewhat more mature, not really an alpha any more, and a lot of bugs fixed too.
|
|
- Revamped to work better with configure scripts
|
|
- Monitors now have more configuration options, including some that
|
|
were statically defined before such as location and format of the
|
|
image timestamps.
|
|
- Removed Alarms table from schema as not required, never was actually..
|
|
- Added a number of new scripts, see the scripts directory
|
|
- Added Fast delete to PHP files. This allows the web interface to only
|
|
delete the event entries themselves for speed and them have the zmaudit
|
|
script periodically tidy up the rest.
|
|
- Added event filter to enable bulk viewing, upload or deletion of events
|
|
according to various attributes. Filter can be saved and edited.
|
|
- Added last event id to shared memory for auto-filtering etc.
|
|
- Changed zmu -i option to write to monitor named image file.
|
|
- Made shared memory management somewhat more sensible.
|
|
- Now stores DB times as localtime rather than UTC avoiding daylight
|
|
saving related bugs.
|
|
- Fixed bug with inactive zones and added more debug.
|
|
- Changed main functions to return int.
|
|
- Added help and usage to zmu.
|
|
- Fixed browser acceptance problem, more easily defaults to HTML.
|
|
- Split out the PHP files into a bunch with specific functions rather
|
|
than one monolithic one.
|
|
- Fixed NetPBM paths and changed _SERVER to HTTP_SERVER_VARS.
|
|
- Added HUP signal on zone deletion.
|
|
- Added NETPBM_DIR and conditional netpbm stuff.
|
|
- Removed hardcoded window sizes, all popup window dimensions can be
|
|
specified in zmconfig.php
|
|
- Changed form methods to 'get' from 'post' to avoid resubmit warnings
|
|
all the time.
|
|
- Added conditional sound to alarm on web interface.
|
|
- Fixed syntax error when adding default monitor.
|
|
- Some of the web views have changed slightly to accomdate the separate
|
|
events view.
|
|
- And much much more, probably.
|
|
|
|
Release 0.0.1 - Initial release, therefore nothing new.
|
|
|
|
|
|
To Do
|
|
=====
|
|
|
|
Seeing as ZM is so young and has kind of evolved rather than being planned there
|
|
are a bunch of improvements and enhancements still to do, here is just a sample.
|
|
|
|
1. Sort out the class structure - Frankly it's a bit of a mess at the moment
|
|
with too many 'friends', it needs rationalising.
|
|
2. Perhaps split out devices - I think devices should probably be a separate
|
|
table and class from monitors. Not critical but would represent a better model.
|
|
3. Comments - Needs many more, but that's just me I'm hopeless at commenting
|
|
things out. I'll get round to it soon though honest! You're lucky to even get
|
|
this document.
|
|
4. Optimised zones - The zones could do with being sorted out a bit to optimise
|
|
the processing of overlapping ones, at the moment you can waste resource unless
|
|
your zones are kept very tidy.
|
|
5. Create zones using server side image maps - This would make it easier to
|
|
precisely define and see where your zone is going to go. Not critical but handy
|
|
but a bugger to do.
|
|
6. Zone Definitions - Allow zones to be defined according to a colour coded
|
|
bitmap or as polygons. Currently all zones are rectangular this would add a bit
|
|
of flexibility. Would need a bit of a rewrite though. 20. This will incur a
|
|
slight penalty on startup and a very slight one on processing for all reasonably
|
|
shaped zones.
|
|
7. Security - I think I need to give the php file a bit of a good going over as
|
|
I'm sure it's not done in the most secure way regarding passing things onto
|
|
command line, exposing file paths and other stuff. I'm a bit of a PHP novice, as
|
|
I'm sure you can tell so might need help here. I should have done it in perl!
|
|
8. Mouseover help - A bit more help popping up when you mouseover things would
|
|
be handy. A bit more help full stop actually.
|
|
9. WAP interface - A bit of a crusade of mine I'm afraid. I'd like to put a WML
|
|
interface on to allow you to view event listing and perhaps the most significant
|
|
image from each event on your phone. Also simple management. In version 1.0.0
|
|
there is a very basic crude initial version that probably won't work with your
|
|
phone but its there as a testbed. Note, temporary WAP files are not tidied up
|
|
properly so don't use it for extanded periods of time at present.
|
|
10. Email and SMS notifications - As with the FTP uploads, probably event the
|
|
same daemon to let you know when something happens, perhaps configurable to
|
|
report only certain types of events.
|
|
11. Templatise the php file. Personally I hate mixing up HTML and logic, perhaps
|
|
use Smarty or something and separate the screens out from the rest.
|
|
12. Automatic device configuration - Video 4 Linux supports various device
|
|
queries, it should be possible to get most of the device capability information
|
|
from the device itself.
|
|
13. Extend the X-10 integration - A handy feature would be to allow a generated
|
|
event to trigger some other action perhaps to an attached X-10 interface, for
|
|
instance turn lights on or make a dog barky noise!
|
|
14. Extend the API. Well ok it's not really got an API yet but the image data is
|
|
held in shared memory in a very simple format. In theory you could use the
|
|
capture daemon to gab the images and other things could read them from memory or
|
|
the analysis daemon could read images from elsewhere. Either way this should be
|
|
done through an API, and would need a library I think. Also the zmu utility
|
|
could probably do a whole lot more to enable other things to manage when the
|
|
daemons become active etc.
|
|
15. Access control should probably be built in rather than relying on .htaccess
|
|
etc.
|
|
16. I've got lots of ideas for enhancing the motion detection part with optional
|
|
algorithms etc. Just got to find the time somewhere!
|
|
17. Create .rpm packages (as there can be several dependencies) and maybe other
|
|
types of packages also, e.g. for Debian distributions.
|
|
18. Allow ZM to 'train' itself by allowing the user to select events that are
|
|
considered important and to discard those that should be ignored. ZM will
|
|
interpolate, add a bit of magic, and recommend settings that will support this
|
|
selection automatically thereafter.
|
|
19. Add quotes to all PHP array references. I should have done it in the first
|
|
place but I'm a perl person really and it kind of bugs me that you have to.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bugs
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
1. Sometimes there is a sync error and very rarely a capture daemon just stops.
|
|
Probably need a watchdog to restart it when this happens.
|
|
2. I'm not sure if this is a bug or by design but the timestamp is added to the
|
|
image by the capture daemon. I _think_ this isn't necessary as it may contribute
|
|
to alarms, plus the time is associated with the image anyway. So I think this
|
|
should be moved to the analysis daemon.
|
|
|
|
Probably a bucket load more, just fire them at me.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Bugs
|
|
========
|
|
|
|
1. Yes, those are tabs in the indents; I like tabs so don't go changing them to
|
|
spaces or else. Also yes I also like my opening braces on their own line most of
|
|
the time, what's the point of brackets that don't line up?
|
|
|
|
Everything else that isn't definitely broken is probably deliberate, or was once
|
|
anyway.
|
|
|
|
|
|
License
|
|
=======
|
|
|
|
ZoneMinder is released under the GPL, see below.
|
|
|
|
ZoneMinder README, $Date$, $Revision$
|
|
Copyright (C) 2002 Philip Coombes
|
|
|
|
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
|
|
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
|
|
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
|
|
version.
|
|
|
|
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
|
|
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
|
|
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
|
|
|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
|
|
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
|
|
Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
|
|
|